EDU 240 FINAL

Civil religion

Civil religion

Implied religious values of a nation

In Loco Parentis

An adult acting in place of a parent

First Amendment (both clauses)

Congress cannot speak for or against a religion 
Freedom from (establishment)
Freedom to (free exercise)

Religious Literacy

the knowledge of and ability to understand religion

Assimilation

the social process of absorbing one cultural group into harmony with another

amalgamation

occurs when majority and minority groups combine to form a new group (true melting pot)

Individual Freedom

Individualism, limiting the power of the government

Self-reliance

Independence; the capacity to rely on one's own capabilities and to manage one's workload

Equality of opportunity

the idea that each person is guaranteed the same chance to succeed in life

Competition

a relationship in which different individuals or populations attempt to use the same limited resource to their advantage

Material Wealth

the food, clothing, and shelter that humans need in order to survive and thrive

Hard Work

used to buy material wealth, seen as necessary for Americans

The Lemon test

The three-part test for Establishment Clause cases that a law must pass before it is declared constitutional: it must have a secular purpose; it must neither advance nor inhibit religion; and it must not cause excessive entanglement with religion.

Cultural Capital

the knowledge, habits, and tastes learned from parents and family that individuals can use to gain access to scarce and valuable resources in society

Salad bowl

emphasizes the importance of maintaining cultural identity while living with others

Mosaic

bringing together people to create on big artwork or nation

Melting pot

society in which people of different nationalities assimilate to form one culture

E pluribus unum

out of many, one (the motto of the US).

Establishment clause

the clause in the First Amendment of the US Constitution that prohibits the establishment of religion by Congress. (SEPARATION OF CHURCH AND STATE)

Free exercise clause

First Amendment requirement that law cannot prevent free exercise of religion

Antiracist

Opposing racism, promotes racial equality

Assimilationist

Supporting/ promoting the mixing of different races

Segregationist

people of different races should NOT be intergrated

Climate Theory

African Americans are they color they are due to the climate, could be changed once moved from equator

Curse Theory

African Americans cursed biblically from Ham

Uplift Suasion

White people could be persuaded from racism if black worked their way up

Carefree Sambo

Carefree black man, non-threatening

Faithful Mammy

Larger black women, extremely loyal to owners, ugly, used to opposed beauty standard: white women

Zip Coon

Freed black men, lazy, good-for-nothing

Pickaninny

Stereotype of black children, victim or subhuman

Savage Brute

Due to emancipation, blacks would revert back to “savage roots”

Brown VS Topeka (Board)

Racial segregation is seen as unconstitutional due to unfairness of schools

Plessy VS Ferguson

“Separate but equal”

Liberal tradition

Protecting the rights of the individual

Illiberal tradition

Limiting the individual rights (Nazi, communism ,etc)

4th amendment

Protects people from unreasonable searches and seizes by the government

5th amendment

Grants right to Grand Jury during trial

8th amendment

forbid the government from using torture or excessive fines

1st amendment

Freedom of speech

Goss VS Lopez

student suspended for misconduct, not given a hearing. allowed a hearing eventually

Ingram VS Wright

Student paddled by principle needing medical attention, school won for punishment just not “excessive”

Five Criteria

1) is the rule reasonable?

2) has proper advance been given?

3) Is the rule vague?

4) Is the rule consitutional

5) Does the rule discriminate in any way?