Psychosocial Issues of Infants, Children, and Adolescents

These flashcards cover key concepts regarding psychosocial issues affecting infants, children, and adolescents, including assessment techniques, expected findings, medications, and nursing care strategies.

What are psychosocial issues in pediatric nursing?

Issues that can arise independently or as a result of physical illness, impacting the mental and emotional well-being of children and adolescents.

How long must findings be present to diagnose major depressive disorder in children?

At least one year.

What are some expected findings of depression in children?

Sadness, withdrawal from activities and relationships, fatigue, low self-esteem, and suicidal ideation.

Which medications are commonly used for treating depression in children?

Tricyclic antidepressants and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) like trazodone, sertraline, and paroxetine.

What is posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)?

A mental health condition that develops after exposure to a traumatic event.

What are the phases of PTSD symptoms?

Initial response (minutes to 2 hours), Second phase (calm and denial lasting about 2 weeks), and Coping phase (2 to 3 months where symptoms may worsen).

What common behavioral issues are associated with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)?

Inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity, often revealing themselves before age 7.

What are the risk factors for developing ADHD?

Familial tendency, exposure to toxins, and chronic health problems such as otitis media or meningitis.

What is Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)?

A complex neurodevelopmental disorder affecting communication and social interaction.

What are some expected findings in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder?

Delays in social interaction and communication, distress at changes in routine, and lack of pretend play.

What is failure to thrive (FTT)?

Inadequate growth due to the inability to obtain or utilize calories needed for growth.

What are some signs of physical maltreatment in children?

Bruises, fractures, or lacerations in various stages of healing, and fearful behavior toward parents.

What are the caregiver risk factors for child maltreatment?

Young age, social isolation, low income, lack of education, and a history of abuse.

What actions should a nurse take when maltreatment is suspected?

Conduct a detailed history and physical examination, document findings, and report to protective services as required.

What is a key indicator of emotional neglect in children?

Signs like failure to thrive, withdrawal, and lack of social smile in infants.

What should be included in client education regarding malnutrition and feeding?

Recognize hunger cues, ensure proper formula preparation, and create calm feeding environments.

What are the behavioral signs indicative of being bullied?

Low self-esteem, loneliness, anxiety, and depression.