Unit 2: Pliny’s Letters: Eruption of Mt. Vesuvius: Reading 2.4: Letter 6.20.11–20

adsum (assum), adesse, adfui

verb, to be at, be present, be at hand

amplector, -i, amplexus sum

verb, to twine around, encircle, encompass, embrace

bene

adverb, well

causa, -ae (f.)

noun, cause, reason, motive, occasion, opportunity; (in the ablative) for the sake of

cingo, -ere, -xi, -nctum

verb, to go around, surround, encompass, gird, wreathe, crown

clamor, -is (m.)

noun, shout, cry; loud shouting; applause; loud noise, roar; battle-cry

cogo, -ere, coegi, coactum

verb, to drive together, bring together, convene, compel, force

coniunx, -iugis (m. or f.)

noun, married person, spouse, husband, wife

consido, -ere, -sedi, -sessum

verb, to sit down, be seated; sit (judge); sink, stop, settle; take up a position

contra

adjective/adverb, in opposition, opposite, face to face; in turn, in return, back, on the other hand, likewise (with acc.)

curo, -are, -avi, -atum

verb, to care, provide for; be attentive to; take charge of; heal, cure

desum, -esse, -fui

verb, to be away, be absent, fail, be wanting, be missing

dignus, -a, -um

adjective, worthy, deserving, deserved, suitable, fitting, proper

discedo, -ere, -cessi, -cessum

verb, to go off, depart, withdraw; scatter; abandon

dum

conjunction, while, a while, now, yet; so long as, provided that, if only; until, until that

effundo, -ere, -fudi, -fusum

verb, to pour out, pour forth, shed, spread abroad

exspecto or expecto, -are, -avi, -atum

verb, to look out for, await, wait for

exstinguo or extinguo, -ere, -nxi, -nctum

verb, to put out, quench, extinguish, destroy

femina, -ae (f.)

noun, female, woman

futurus, -a, -um

adjective, going to be, yet to be, to come, future

gemitus, -us (m.)

noun, a sighing, sigh, groan, lamentation, complaint

gradus, -us (m.)

noun, step, pace, gait, walk

infans, -ntis

adjective, speechless; (as a noun) little child, infant, baby

iuvenis, -is (m. or f.)

noun, young person, youth

longe

adverb, a long way off, far, far off, at a distance

miser, -era, -erum

adjective, wretched, unfortunate, miserable, pitiable, in distress

modus, -i (m.)

noun, measure, extent, quantity; manner, way, mode

morior, -iri, mortuus sum

verb, to die, expire

moror, -ari, -atus sum

verb, to delay, stay, wait, remain, linger

mundus, -i (m.)

noun, universe, world, heavens, earth

muto, -are, -avi, -atum

verb, to move, move away, remove, change

nubila, -orum (n. pl.)

noun, clouds, rainclouds

nuntio, -are, -avi, -atum

verb, to announce, report, give warning; convey, deliver

nuntius, -i (m.)

noun, announcement, message; messenger

parens, -entis (m. or f.)

noun, procreator, father, mother, parent

parum

adverb, too little, not enough, insufficiently

post

preposition/adverb (with acc.), (of space) behind, after; (of time) behind, afterward, after, later

precor, -ari, -atus

verb, to ask, beg, entreat, pray, request, call upon

qualis, -e

adjective, of what sort, of what nature, what kind of a; of such a sort, kind, or nature, such as, as

quisquis, quaeque, quodquod (or quidquid or quicquid)

pronoun, whoever, whosoever, whatever, whatsoever, everyone who, each, every, all

quod

conjunction, that, in that, because, but, though

requiro, -ere, -quisivi (or -quisii), -quisitum

verb, to seek again, look after, search for, ask

respicio, -ere, -spexi, -spectum

verb, to look back, look about, see behind, gaze at, look for

spes, spei (f.)

noun, hope

sterno, -ere, stravi, stratum

verb, to spread out, stretch out, scatter; cover; overthrow, lay low, kill

suspendo, -ere, -di, suspensum

verb, to hang up, hang, suspend

tamquam or tanquam

adverb, as much as, so as, just as, like as, as if, so to speak

tandem

adverb, at length, at last, in the end, finally

tergum, -i (n.)

noun, back; hide, skin

turba, -ae (f.)

noun, turmoil, riot, disturbance; crowd, multitude

via, -ae (f.)

noun, way, highway, road, path, street

vix

adverb, with difficulty, with much ado, hardly, scarcely, barely

vox, vocis (f.)

noun, voice, sound, tone, utterance, cry, call