EQSC Unit 3

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51 Terms

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Walk

4-beat gait; each foot hits the ground independently: right front, left hind, left front, right hind

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Trot

2-beat diagonal gait; legs move in diagonal pairs

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Canter/Lope

3-beat gait; one diagonal pair moves together, others independently; has right and left leads

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Gallop

4-beat gait; fastest gait; has a lead leg

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Back

2-beat diagonal gait; similar to trot but in reverse

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Conformation

The physical appearance of a horse based on the arrangement of muscle, bone, and tissue

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Balance

How proportionate a horse is; judged by neck, back, shoulder, and hip

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Structure

Skeletal correctness; affects function and longevity

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Quality

Refinement and smoothness; includes breed and sex character

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Muscling

Evaluated from the side; refers to development in areas like forearm, shoulder, stifle, and gaskin

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Ideal Back

1:2 ratio top to bottom; short, strong, and level

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Ideal Neck

2:1 ratio top to bottom; thin, ties high to shoulder, proportional

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Ideal Shoulder

45-degree slope; impacts stride and connection to pastern

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Stallion Traits

Prominent jaw, bolder features, muscular but not fat neck

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Mare Traits

Big eyes, slender/elegant neck, refined head features

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Splay-footed

Winging in

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Pigeon-toed

Winging out

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Unsoundness

A defect affecting the horse’s usefulness

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Blemish

A visible defect that doesn't impact performance

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Bucked Shins

Inflammation of front cannon; often temporary

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Bowed Tendon

Swelling at back of cannon bone; 20% become sound

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Splints

Damage between metacarpals; may become blemish

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Navicular Disease

Pain in navicular bone; degeneration-related

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Laminitis/Founder

Inflammation of hoof laminae; painful, serious

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Stifled

Patella fixation; can recover or need surgery

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Stringhalt

Involuntary leg flexion; "goose stepping"

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Curb

Enlarged plantar ligament; usually a blemish

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Bog Spavin

Joint swelling; related to straight hocks

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Bone Spavin

Bone growth on hock; stress-related

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Posture Changes

Pointing foot, shifting weight

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Performance Clues

Tripping, irregular gait, head bob (front), hip hike (hind)

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Parasite Symptoms

Rough coat, weight loss, diarrhea, colic

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Ascarids

Large roundworms; affect young horses

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Large Strongyles

Migrate through organs; no resistance

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Small Strongyles

Local migration; diarrhea, resistance common

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Pinworms

Tail rubbing; all ages

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Bots

Larvae attach to stomach; control by grooming and management

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Ticks

Common on ears; can cause anemia and disease

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Mites

Cause mange; treated with ivermectins

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Outdated Program

Frequent rotation and treatment of all horses

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Anthelmintic Resistance

Result of over-treatment; reduced drug effectiveness

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Daily Hoof Care

Inspect for cracks, clean heel to toe before and after riding

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Periodic Trimming

Every 4–8 weeks; maintains shape and angle

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Dental Problem Signs

Weight loss, quidding, bit resistance

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Uneven Wear Issues

Hooks, ramps, steps, points

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Floating Teeth

Smooths sharp edges, prevents discomfort

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Horse Needs

Physical (shelter, food), social, chemical, biological

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Stall Dimensions

Horse: 10x10 ft or larger, height: 9 ft, door width: 4 ft

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Fire Safety

Fire-retardant paint, remove flammable items, clear exits, sprinkler systems

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Unsafe Fencing

Barbed wire, fences with protrusions or traps

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