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SYG2000 Chapter 6 Study Guide
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21 Terms
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1
Primary Groups
Small, close-knit, and usually long-term groups where members have personal, intimate relationships (e.g., family, close friends).
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2
Secondary Groups
Larger, more impersonal groups that are task-focused and time-limited (e.g., coworkers, classmates).
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3
In-Groups
Groups to which an individual feels they belong and identify with.
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4
Out-Groups
Groups to which an individual does not belong or identify with, often viewed in opposition to in-groups.
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5
Reference Groups
Groups that people compare themselves to for self-evaluation and the formation of attitudes, values, and behaviors.
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6
Dyad
A two-member group, the smallest possible social group.
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7
Triad
A three-member group, which is more stable than a dyad due to the possibility of mediation.
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8
Bureaucracies
Formal organizations characterized by a hierarchy of authority, a clear division of labor, explicit rules, and impersonality.
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9
Hierarchy of Authority
A clear chain of command found in a bureaucracy.
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10
Clear Division of Labor
Each individual in a bureaucracy has a specialized task to perform.
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11
Explicit Rules
Rules that are outlined, recorded, and standardized.
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12
Impersonality
The removal of personal feelings from professional situations to ensure unbiased decision-making.
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13
Authoritarian Leader
Issues orders and assigns tasks without seeking input from group members.
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14
Democratic Leader
Encourages group participation and consensus-building before moving into action.
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15
Laissez-Faire Leader
Offers little or no guidance to group members and allows them to make their own decisions.
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16
Conformity
The extent to which an individual complies with group or societal norms.
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17
Groupthink
The practice of thinking or making decisions as a group in a way that discourages creativity or individual responsibility.
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18
Social Loafing
The phenomenon where individuals exert less effort when working in a group than when working alone.
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19
Functionalist Perspective
Views groups as essential to the stability and functioning of society.
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20
Conflict Perspective
Focuses on the power dynamics and inequalities within and between groups.
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21
Interactionist Perspective
Examines the day-to-day interactions and meanings that individuals give to their group experiences.
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