Tyler - 8.5 - 8.8 Ap World Reading Check

Founded in 1906, advocated a separate nation for Indian Muslims

Muslim League

Ghana's first president, took office in 1960

Kwame Nkrumah

only one political party holds the power to govern

one-party state

In order for Nkrumah to keep his vision of Pan-Africanism, he founded this.

Organization of African Unity (OAU)

This was driven by feelings of nationalism, campaigned for independence after World War II. It began in 1954, and it involved many groups. The FLN (National Liberation Front) led this movement.

Algerian War for Independence

The French President had a new mandate for expanded presidential power under the constitution of the new Fifth Republic.

Charles de Gaulle

Occurred which the FLN continued in control. The army chose President Abdelaziz Bouteflika in 1999. And in his second term, he attempted to be more inclusive of insurgents, although suicide bombings continued. They eventually gained their independence from France.

Algerian Civil War

Began in 1967 when the Igbos, a Westernized, predominantly Christian tribe in the southeastern oil-rich Niger River Delta area, tried to secede from the northern-dominated government.

Biafran Civil War

Along with Muhammad Naguib, overthrew the king and established the Republic of Egypt

Gamal Abdel Nasser

Built by Egyptian Laborers - thousands of whom died while working on the project - with money from French investment between 1859 and 1869.

Suez Crisis

The communist leader of North Vietnam

Ho Chi Minh

South Vietnamese who support the Communists, and fought guerrilla war against U.S. troops.

Viet Cong

Originated in the 1890s from the reaction to the Dreyfus Affair.

Zionist Movement

Israel fought on three fronts at once, Israel gained the Gaza Strip from Egypt, the West Bank and East Jerusalem from Jordan, and the Golan Heights from Syria.

Six-Day War

1973 Israel repelled a surprise invasion by Egypt and Syria

Yom Kippur War

A peace agreement between Prime Minister Menachem Begin of Israel and President Anwar Sadat of Egypt.

Camp David Accords

Its longtime leader Yasser Arafat wanted the return of occupied lands and the creation lands and the creation of an independence nation of Palestine.

Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO)

Was a faction that controlled the West Bank

Fatah

Was a faction that controlled Gaza

Hamas

Was a communist guerrilla organization under the leadership of Pol Pot, overthrew the right-wing government of Cambodia.

Khmer Rouge

Occurred because of a persistent tension between India and Pakistan, as most people in this region were Muslims but its leader was a Hindui, therefore both countries became more significant after each began developing nuclear weapons.

Kashmir Conflict

Was the world first female prime minister, as her husband was assassinated in office in 1959 so she ran for office to fill his seat. She continued her husbands socialist economic policies, but with a sagging economy she was voted out of office.

Sirimavo Bandaranaike

She became India's leader, and was underestimated at first but proved to be effective, distancing herself in some ways from her father's old - guard advisors and making political and economic moves to strengthen India's economy.

Indira Gandhi

She was the first elected female leader of a majority Muslim country, and was elected by Pakistan.

Benazir Bhutto

Led nonviolent marches, boycotts, and fasts to oppose British colonial rule in India. And in 1947, India became independent.

Mohandas Gandhi

Was the prominent of African American civil rights leaders in the United States in the 1950s and 1960s was a Baptist minister.

Martin Luther King, Jr

Led the black resistance to apartheid was a socialist lawyer, and was known for leading nonviolent protests.

Nelson Mandela

Was a new secretary of the Polish Communist Party, and when he came to power he decided to pursue an independent domestic policy in Poland but continued to be loyal to the Soviet Union allowing the continued presence of Soviet troops in Poland.

Wladyslaw Gomulka

Was Hungarian's political leader, and declared Hungarys freedom from Soviet Control and demand the withdrawal of Soviet troops from the country. Nag vowed to support free elections in which non-Communist parties would participate. He was eventually captured by the Soviets and executed .

Imre Nagy

First secretary of the Communist Party, acceded to the demands of the Czech people by increasing freedom of speech and the press and allowing greater freedom to travel.

Alexander Dubcek

The reform movement in Czechoslovakia reached a peak during this

Prague Spring

Named for then-Soviet leader, to justify its actions. This doctrine stated that the Soviet Union and its allies would intervene if an action by one member threatened other socialists countries.

Brezhnev Doctrine

Many upheavals occurred during this time, such as in Yugoslavia, students marched against authoritarian government. Other revolts happened in Poland, Northern Ireland, Brazil, and Japan.

Year of Revolt (1968)

Members of the Ohio National Guard killed four unarmed students during an antiwar demonstration on May 4, 1970. As a result students and faculty at hundreds of U.S. colleges and universities went on strike.

Kent State University

When Catholic-Protests conflict in Northern Island became more violent in the 1960's with them fighting against the Ulster Defense Association. And wanted Northern Ireland to become part of Ireland.

Irish Republican Army (IRA)

Were protestants fighting against the Irish Republican Army (IRA), wanted Northern Ireland wanted to become part of the U.K.

Ulster Defence Association

Was an organization founded in 1959, which wanted independence for the Basque region in northern Spain

Basque Homeland and Freedom (ETA)

Was a former philosophy professor who built a revolutionary organization called Shining Path based on the ideas of Mao Zedong and Cambodia's Khmer Rouge.

Abimael Guzman

Was a terrorist plan, began decades of bombings and assassinations in Peru and in order to overthrow the existing government and replace it with a communist one.

Shining Path

A form of terrorism in which groups use radical and extreme versions of islam in order to justify violence against civilians and governments.

Islamic Terrorism* Not on test

The president of the United States who appealed to Soviet Leader Mikhail Gorbachev in the years leading up to the fall of the Berlin Wall and the end of the Cold War. 1981-1989

Ronald Reagan

Was the leader of the Soviet Union that was involved in tensions with the U.S. president Raegan and was in charge when the Soviet Union falls. was a more progressive communist, came to power in 1985. Created a working relationship with Ronald Reagan and created a working relationship.

Mikhail Gorbachev

A relaxation of strained relations between nations

détente

Designed to freeze the number of intercontinental ballistic missiles that each power could keep

Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty (SALT 1)

This system would supposedly destroy any Soviet nuclear missiles that targeted the United States or its allies.

Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI)

attempts to restructure the Soviet economy to allow elements for free enterprise

perestroika

the policy of opening up Soviet society and the political process by granting greater freedom.

glasnost

Restricted intermediate-range nuclear weapons

Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty (INF)

The Jewish section of Palestine declared themselves to be a new country:

Israel