MATH 1267 - Applied Health Statistics - Chapter 2

Flashcards on Organizing and Presenting Data

Organizing and Presenting Data

The process of arranging and displaying data in a structured format.

Qualitative Data

Data that can be divided into categories or groups.

Quantitative Data

Data that is numerical and can be measured.

Frequency Distribution (or Frequency Table)

A table that shows how data are partitioned among categories or classes by listing the categories and the number of data values in each.

Frequency Distribution Table

A table showing the categories and their corresponding frequencies.

Example Category and Frequency

Category: No pets, Frequency: 5

Example Category and Frequency

Category: Cat(s) only, Frequency: 8

Example Category and Frequency

Category: Dog(s) only, Frequency: 3

Example Category and Frequency

Category: Both cat(s) and dog(s), Frequency: 4

Relative Frequency

Frequency of a category divided by the total frequency.

Relative Frequency Distribution

A distribution showing the relative frequency of each category.

Formula for Relative Frequency

Relative Frequency = Frequency / Total Frequency

Range of Relative Frequency

Relative frequency is always between 0 and 1.

Sum of Relative Frequencies

The sum of relative frequencies of all classes is 1.

Example Relative Frequency

No pets: Relative frequency = 5/20 = 0.25

Example Relative Frequency

Cat(s) only: Relative frequency = 8/20 = 0.4

Example Relative Frequency

Dog(s) only: Relative frequency = 3/20 = 0.15

Example Relative Frequency

Both cat(s) and dog(s): Relative frequency = 4/20 = 0.2

Bar Chart (Histogram)

A chart that uses bars to represent the frequency of each category.

Pie Chart

A chart that uses sectors of a circle to represent the relative frequency of each category.

Pareto Chart

A bar chart where the columns are ordered by decreasing frequency.

Pareto Chart Column Order

Columns are ordered by decreasing frequency.

Pareto Chart 'Other' Category

If a category “Other” is present, the corresponding column is always the rightmost.

Bar Chart Definition

A visual representation of categorical data where each category is represented by a rectangle with a length proportional to the value it represents.

Pie Chart Definition

A circular statistical graphic, which is divided into slices to illustrate numerical proportion.

Purpose of a Pareto Chart

Used to highlight the largest and most important factors among a set of factors.

Purpose of Frequency Distribution

To show how data are partitioned among several categories or classes by listing the categories along with the number of data values in each of them.

Purpose of making a frequency distribution table

Visualize and understand.

Relative frequency Example

5/20 = 0.25

Relative frequency Example 2

8/20 = 0.4