AP World Ch 26- Interwar Years

Inflation

A general rise in prices

John Maynard Keynes

British economist who came up with Keynesian economics

Deficit Spending

Spending more than the government takes in

Great Depression

Economic crash that effected the whole world

New Deal

Group of policies and programs by FDR the helped the U.S. get get out of the Great Depression

Recovery, Relief, Reform

Plans of the New Deal to recover from the Depression, help minorities, women, and the poor, and reform government policies to prevent another depression

New Economic Plan

Plan by Lenin which allowed farmers to sell some crops privately

Five-Year Plan

Plan by Stalin which enraged farmers

Dollar Diplomacy

Diplomacy by Taft which advocated to invest in Latin America

Franklin D. Roosevelt

Created the New Deal which helped to lift the U.S. out of the Great Depression

Benito Mussolini

Italian dictator who led Italy into WWII

Adolf Hitler

German dictator who led Germany into WWII; leader of the Nazis; killed Jews, Slavs, Communists, gypsies, gays, the disabled, and socialists

Paul von Hidenburg

President of Germany who made Hitler chancellor

Francisco Franco

Led the Nationalists in the Spanish Civil War

Antonio Salazar

Leader of Portugal who assisted the Nationalist in the Spanish Civil War

Getuilo Vargas

President of Brazil who ruled Brazil as a dictator

Joseph Stalin

Leader of Russia who led Russia into WWII

Porfirio Diaz

Dictator in Mexico who was overthrown

Emiliano Zapata

Revolutionary leader in Mexico who helped the people

Pancho Villa

General who defeated Mexican troops

Lazaro Cardenas

Successful at land reform

Mao Tse-Tung

Led Communist movement in China

Sun Yat-Sen

Leader of the Chinese Republic

Mustafa Kemal

Led the Turkish Nationalists

Mohandas Gandhi

Helped to bring Indian independence to the attention to the world through nonviolent protests

Muhammad Ali Jinnah

Proposed Pakistan; Muslim leader in the Indian Nation Congress

Jawaharlal Nehru

Leader in India who became India's first prime minister

Howard Taft

Came up with the Dollar Diplomacy

Augusto Sandino

Waged guerilla war in Nicaragua

Libya and Somaliland

Countries taken over by Italy

Weimar Republic

German government that was in charge after WWI; hated by the people because they made money worthless and signed the Treaty of Versailles

Nazis

National Socialist German Worker's Party; came to power in Germany and ruled; Adolf HItler was in charge

Spanish Republic

Spain before civil war

Popular Front

Coalition of left-wing parties (everyone except conservatives)

Nationalists

Conservatives in the Spanish Civil War

Loyalists

Defenders of the Republic of Spain

Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR)

Russia

Chinese Communist Party (CCP)

Communist Party in China

Kuomintang

Chinese Nationalist Party; led by Sun Yat-sen

Turkish National Movement

Helped to set up the Republic of Turkey

Satyagraha Movement

Gandhi's movement

Pakistan

Separate Muslim state

Sandinistas

Rebels in Nicaragua

Fascism

Political system that appealed to extreme nationalism, glorified the military, and blamed problems on ethnic minorites

Corporatism

A theory based on the notion that the sectors of the economy are seen as seperate organs of the same body

Reichstag

German parliament building; burned down which Hitler used to blame socialist

Lebensraum

Living room

Spanish Civil War

Civil war in Spain between the Popular Front and Conservatives; Conservatives won

Land Reform

Prospect that energized the nation's peasants as well as its radicals by the Popular Front

Guernica

Bombings in Spain by Germany and Italy

Basque Region

One of the first times in history an aerial bombing targeted civilians

Luftwaffe

Germany's air force

Politburo

Communist Party's central organization

Amritsar

Massacre in India which showed that India could no longer be ruled by Britain

Civil Disobedience

Encouraged people to break unjust laws and serve jail time

Salt March

One of Gandhi's first campaigns where people marched to the Arabian Sea to get salt which was illegal

Neocolonialism

Actions taken by one government to indirectly control another country

Good Neighbor Policy

Policy by FDR which renounced armed U.S. intervention in Latin America

Scientific Racism

Pseudo-intellectual movement that claimed that certain races were geneticaly superior to others

Olympic Games

Hosted in Germany while the Nazis ruled

Jesse Owens

Black U.S. athlete who won; went against Nazis' feeling of superiority

Leni Riefenstahl

Pablo Picasso

Painted about Guernica; showed how art changed its influence

Socialist Realism

Realistic art and literature

Negritude Movement

Pride in "blackness"

Leopold Senghor

Wrote poems about beauty and uniqueness of African culture

WEB DuBois, Richard Wright, and Langston Hughes

Wrote about meaning of "blackness"

Diego Rivera

Mexican painter who opposed Yankee imperialism and believed people should see his art

Surrealist Artists

Incorporated images from dreams in paintings

Paradigm Shifts

Changed models in science

Nuremberg Laws

Forbade marriages between Jews and Germans and stripped Jews of citizenship in Germany

Kristallnacht

"Night of the Broken Glass"; Jewish businesses and synagogues were burned all over Germany

Long March

March for a year through extreme conditions by Mao and his army which showed their strength