Behavioral Analysis Final

Behavioral Definition

A good behavioral definition of a behavior includes a label for the behavior, a description of what the person says and does, and a statement of the intention of the person engaging in the behavior.

Behavior Modification

Measurement of behavior is taken before, during, and following intervention in behavior modification.

Behavioral Deficit

Sam's lack of studying leading to poor grades in school is an example of a behavioral deficit.

Target Behavior

The first step in developing a behavior recording plan is defining the target behavior.

Direct Assessment

Observing and recording instances of misbehavior by a student is an example of direct assessment.

Interval Recording

Dividing an observation period into consecutive time periods and recording whether the target behavior occurred during each period is known as interval recording.

Product Recording

Recording each instance of a behavior, like recording each instance in which Brian stutters, is an example of product recording.

Natural Setting

The playground where Zach pushes other children is a natural setting for Zach's behavior.

Data Point

A point on a graph that tells the level of behavior recorded.

Punishment Procedures

Punishment procedures are typically used instead of functional nonaversive procedures.

Positive Reinforcement

Timmy swearing when his mom makes broccoli and being sent to his room without dinner is an example of positive reinforcement.

Variable Ratio

A telemarketer not knowing the exact number of calls required to make a sale is an example of a variable ratio schedule of reinforcement.

Satiation

The decrease in the reinforcing value of pie for John after a big Thanksgiving dinner is an example of satiation.

Conditioned Reinforcer

Money is an example of a conditioned reinforcer.

Extinction Burst

Sarah pressing the mouse button longer and harder before giving up due to the broken mouse is an example of an extinction burst.

Effect on Behavior

In behavior modification, a punisher is defined by its effect on the behavior it follows.

Antecedent

The stimulus present when a behavior occurs is referred to as an antecedent in behavior modification.

Discriminative Stimulus (SD)

In the example given, the friends in the car serve as the SD for Bill's speeding behavior.

Reinforced

Stimulus discrimination training signals that the behavior will be reinforced.

Generalized

When the treatment for a problem behavior has generalized, the problem behavior occurs in a number of similar situations.

Shaping

Successive approximations of the target behavior are differentially reinforced until the individual engages in the target behavior in shaping.

Verbal

Telling Tammy to step on the brake and slow down as they approach a stop sign is an example of a verbal prompt.

Gestural

The coach pointing to the player Tony is supposed to guard is an example of a gestural prompt.

Most-to-Least

When the learner does not need a physical prompt to engage in the correct behavior, the most-to-least method of prompting and fading is used.

Prompt

The outcome of each response in the behavioral chain serves as the prompt for the next response in the chain.

Task Analysis

Identifying all the individual stimulus-response components in a behavioral chaining procedure is called task analysis.

Behavioral Skills Training

Behavioral skills training procedures are used to teach new behaviors, especially when learners cannot imitate models.

Social Positive Reinforcement

Strumming a guitar a certain way and producing a great sound leading to strumming the guitar that way again is an example of social positive reinforcement.

Overcorrection

The positive punishment procedure that requires an individual to engage in an effortful behavior for an extended period of time following the occurrence of the problem behavior is overcorrection.

DRO

Mary's parents using a criterion level for the maximum number of times she can feed the dog in a day and rewarding her with a story at bedtime for achieving this level is an example of using a DRO differential reinforcement.

Discriminative stimulus (SD)

Evokes a behavior.

Three-term contingency

Involves a relationship among an antecedent stimulus, a behavior, and the consequence of the behavior.

Respondent behaviors

Controlled by antecedent stimuli.

Behavioral definition

Involves a description of what the person says and does.

Duration

Dimension of behavior recorded when measuring how long a behavior occurs.

Measurement of behavior

Taken before, during, and following intervention in behavior modification.

Behavioral deficit

Sam's lack of studying leading to poor grades in school.

Direct assessment

Observing and recording instances of misbehavior by a student.

Interval recording

Dividing an observation period into consecutive time periods to record behavior occurrence.

Continuous recording

Recording each instance of a specific behavior.

Natural setting

Playground as a setting for Zach's behavior.

Data point on a graph

Indicates when the behavior was recorded and the level of behavior.

Negative reinforcement

Occurs when a behavior is followed by the removal of a stimulus resulting in a decrease in the behavior in the future.

Punishment procedures

Typically used instead of functional nonaversive procedures.

Positive reinforcement

Timmy swearing when his mom makes broccoli and being sent to his room without dinner.

Satiation

Decrease in the reinforcing value of pie for John after a big Thanksgiving dinner.

Conditioned reinforcer

Money as an example of a conditioned reinforcer.

Extinction burst

Temporary increase in behavior intensity before giving up due to the absence of reinforcement.

Punisher

Defined by its effect on the behavior it follows.

Antecedent

Stimulus present when a behavior occurs.

Discriminative stimulus (SD)

Friends telling Bill he is cool when driving faster than the speed limit.

Stimulus discrimination training

Presence of the discriminative stimulus signals that the behavior will be reinforced.

Shaping

Successive approximations of the target behavior are differentially reinforced until the individual engages in the target behavior.

Task Analysis

The process of identifying all the individual stimulus-response components in a behavioral chaining procedure.

Behavioral Skills Training Procedures

Techniques used to teach new behaviors, eliminate problem behaviors, and when learners cannot imitate models.

Behavioral Acquisition Procedures

A behavioral procedure involving instructions, modeling, rehearsal, and feedback.

Automatic Positive Reinforcement

When a behavior is reinforced by the positive outcome it produces.

Overcorrection

A positive punishment procedure that requires engaging in an effortful behavior for an extended period following a problem behavior.