PART 3 (FILE SYSTEM PROBLEM) and (TYPES OF DATA ANOMALITIES)

Dependence in Structural and Data Changes

happens when changes in the file structure will entail modification in related programs and files to roll-out or apply the new structure

Data Redundancy

prone to data redundancy due to having data from multiple resources and do not have automatic measures to avoid multiple data copies

Lack of Design Structure and Models

file systems usually lack design data models as compared to database systems

Exposure to various data information

means an abnormality, an error, or an inconsistency

Update Anomaly

happens when an update done results in data inconsistency or discrepancy

Insertion Anomaly

happens when inserting a new record might result in incomplete information or failure to insert due to dependence on other attributes

Deletion Anomaly

happens when deleting a record might result in loss of data or information