Hypothesis Testing with Limited Dependent Variables

Dependent Variable

The variable that is being measured or tested in an experiment.

Independent Variable

The variable that is manipulated to observe its effect on the dependent variable.

Ordinal Variable

A variable that has ordered categories but no consistent distance between categories.

Nominal Variable

A variable that represents categories with no inherent order.

Crosstab

A table used to examine the relationship between two categorical variables by displaying their joint frequencies.

Contingency Table

Another name for a crosstab; it shows the distribution of variables.

ANOVA

Analysis of variance, a statistical method used to compare means among groups.

Frequency Distribution

A summary of how often each value occurs within a dataset.

Marginal Frequencies

The totals for each row or column in a contingency table.

Column Percentages

The percentage of the total for each category of the dependent variable, standardized to the column total.

Standardization

The process of adjusting values measured on different scales to a notionally common scale.

Chi-Square Test

A statistical test to determine if there is a significant association between two categorical variables.

Null