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Spiritual Self
defined as the inner most workings of the persons mind, the behavior, beliefs and even morals that involves every aspect of the human as a person
William James
who defined Spiritual Self
William James
According to him people will find more satisfaction in having been able to
show of the spiritual self like their intelligence, to have their wishes done, and
to act upon their conscience than to count or show their possession, because he said that the spiritual self “is the most enduring the intimate part of the self”
Manifestations of the Spiritual Self
Person's Will
Intelligence andAbilities
Morals
Values
Person's Will
Refers to one’s wishes, there are the things that
we want to see and achieve in our lives.
Intelligence and Abilities
these are the perceived strength of a person,
the things that they have confidence in doing and believe to
have a certain level of mastery
Morals
it is the definition of what is right and wrong, distinguishing the things that
are acceptable for a person, the society and at the same time the determination of the possible effects of their actions to themselves, their environment and other people
Values
is the person’s ability to distinguish what is important and what is not.
Religion
an organized system of ideas about spiritual reality, or the supernatural, along with associated beliefs and ceremonial practices (Haviland, 2007)
Spirituality
Concern with the sacred, as distinguished from material matters. In contrast to religion, spirituality is often individual rather than collective and does not require a distinctive format or traditional organization (Haviland, 2007)
Myth
A sacred narrative that explains the fundamentals of human existence – where we and everything in our world came from, why we are here, and where we are going
Rituals
A culturally prescribed symbolic act or procedure designed to guide members of a community in an orderly way through personal and collective transitions.
Rituals
Two types: calendric and crisis
Supernatural
is around you all the time, especially in non-industrialized societies
• In a lot of cultures, health, wealth, and daily things are related to ___
Functions of Religion
Cognitive Function
Emotional Function
Social Function
Cognitive Function
Enabling humans to explains the unexplainable phenomena
Emotional Function
Helping individuals to cope up with anxieties that often accompany illness, accidents, deaths
Social Function
Social control, conflict resolution and building group solidarity
Dungan
Spirit or Soul
Spirit or Soul
has two dimensions; (1) human body and (2) spiritual.
Soul
referred to as kaluluwa by the Tagalogs
Soul
referred to as Dungan by the Ilonggos comes from the root word duwa, two
Ilonggo
dungan
Tagalog
kaluluwa
Bisayans
they believe that the Dungan leaves the body while the person is asleep. Travelling Dungan outside the body must be free from accidents such as getting trapped in a jar. Only when the soul has safely reunited with the body, the person will be awake.
Dungan
also connoted as “willpower”. If a person has a strong willpower, is it said to
have a strong ___ (Magos, 1986)
harang
Visayan fishing villages practice the offering ritual called
Visayan fishing villages
harang is an offering ritual practice by ___
Visayan fishing villages
A local shaman invokes sea spirits. These are several stages of the ritual purification, invocation, entreaty and feast which cover community life such as harvest, operation of fishing boats and cases of illnesses (Kawada, 1996)
tuob
Purification of the Place
pagtawag
Invocation of Spirits
pangamuyo
Explanation of Motivation, Request & Entreaty
bayad
Offering communion
kan-on
Feast
Harang
Rituals and Ceremonies
Viktor Frankl
Finding and Creating Meaning in Life
Viktor Frankl
the originator of Logotherapy, indicates how his involvement in quest for the significance of life in a Nazi death camp changed his viewpoint of the world
Viktor Frankl
states that we can’t abstain from affliction, yet we can pick how to
manage it and discover significance in it
Viktor Frankl
man cannot avoid suffering but can find meaning from it. His theory
holds three primary human capabilities called as noological possibilities: self-
detachment, self-transcendence, and the ability to “spiritually be in touch” with
something or someone independent of spatio-temporal dimensions.
Anthropological
Man does not simply exist but always decides what his existence will be, what he will become in the next moment.”
Man is ultimately self-determining
Psychological
Man’s key motivation is the search for meaning
Philosophical
Life has unconditional meaning, regardless of the circumstances or situation. His life in the concentration camp, Frankl writes that he found meaning that helped strengthen his will to survive.
Individualism
Independent
Individual
Independent
People are autonomous and independent from their in-groups
Individual
Behaves on their basis of attitudes rather than norms
Collectivism
Interdependent
Communal
Interdependent
Gives priority to the goals of their in- group, which primarily shapes their behavior
Communal
Behaves in manners that maintains relationships with others
Western
Egoism
Eastern
Collectivism
Egoism
focus on oneself and personal needs
Egoism
Inclined to the acquisition of material things
Egoism
Success is usually equated to material wealth
Collectivism
focus on the other and feelings of others
Collectivism
Tilted towards less assets
Collectivism
Success is included towards longer life
Western Ideas
Self is a social construction
Western Ideas
Self is an interpersonal unit
Western Ideas
Self takes form in communication
Western Ideas
Self is phenomenal and non-phenomenal
Eastern Ideas
Attainment of liberation in the identification of Atman (the spiritual essence of all individuals) and Brahman (the spiritual essence of the universe) through the Four Yogas -Hinduism
Eastern Ideas
Man follows virtues of love, righteousness, wisdom, propriety
and loyalty to promote harmony in society - Confucianism
Eastern Ideas
Detachment (Theravada) and compassion (Mahayana) is the path towards nirvana -Buddhism
Theravada
Detachment
Mahayana
compassion
Confucianism
Man follows virtues of love, righteousness, wisdom, propriety
and loyalty to promote harmony in society
Buddhism
Detachment (Theravada) and compassion (Mahayana) is the path towards nirvana
Hinduism
Attainment of liberation in the identification of Atman (the spiritual essence of all individuals) and Brahman (the spiritual essence of the universe) through the Four Yogas
Atman
the spiritual essence of all individuals
Brahman
the spiritual essence of the universe
Eastern Ideas
Concept of Kapwa, recognition of shared identity, an inner self shared with others; Two levels or modes of social interaction – ibang-tao or “outsider” and hindi ibang-tao or “one-of-us” -Filipino Psychology
Filipino Psychology
Concept of Kapwa, recognition of shared identity, an inner self shared with others; Two levels or modes of social interaction – ibang-tao or “outsider” and hindi ibang-tao or “one-of-us”
Physical Self
Refers to the body which we interface with our environment and fellow being.
It is a tangible aspect of the person that can be directly observed and examined.
How a person presents themselves physically could have varying effects on how people accepts or interacts with them.
3 Basic Body Types
Endomorph
Mesomorph
Ectomorph
Endomorph
Big, high body fat, often pear-shaped, with a high tendency to store body fat.
Mesomorph
Muscular and well-built, with a high metabolism and responsive muscle cells
Ectomorph
Lean and long, with difficulty building muscle
William James
considered body as initial source of sensation and necessary for the origin and maintenance of personality
Sigmund Freud
Construction of self and personality makes the physical body the core of human experience.
Wilhelm Reich
All psychological processes, are part of the physical process and vice versa
Mind and Body as one
Erik Erikson
Bodily organs is important in early developmental stages of a persons life.
Carl Jung
Argued that the physical body and the external world can be known only as psychological experiences
Burrhus Frederic Skinner
The role of the body is of primary importance.
Self-esteem
Refers to the overall self- evaluation or sense of self worth.
3 Different Kinds of Self Esteem
Low Self Esteem
High Self Esteem
Inflated Self Esteem
The bombshell (America)
the blonde hair and blue eyes combo is the real __dream
Au Naturel En France
the effortless "I woke up like this" look is very
common. The youthful, minimal-to- no-makeup appearance is what their society prefers.
With all of the high fashion trends in , it's no surprise that the __ would rather put their time into their outfits than their makeup routines
Russian Beauty Standards
who are deemed the most beautiful are tall and slim with bright blue or green eyes, high cheekbones, and full, plump lips.
women take very good care of their appearance. In a way, they're basically the opposite of French women because they spend a lot of time and money on makeup and beauty products
Korean Beauty Standards
highest rate of cosmetic surgeries per capita in the world.
The ideal woman has a tapered/v- shaped jaw, double eyelids, big round eyes, a small nose, a small mouth, and very fair skin
Brazilian Beauty
not far behind Korea when it comes to plastic surgery... It's just less
about the face and more about getting that voluptuous figure.
women are competing to have thicker, muscular thighs, a toned bod, and of course that trademark ___bottom
Thai Beauty Standards
similarly to Korea,___ has high societal pressure to meet Western-
influenced beauty standards.
beautiful women must be petite and have strong features like a big nose, big round eyes, and a strong chin. These standards are also
influenced by the Indian caste system; the ideal light skin represents both
social status and beauty.
India's Bollywood Beauty
The ideal woman in India has almond- shaped eyes, a sharp nose, luscious black hair, dark brows and fair skin.
deep skin–toned women who are considered gorgeous in South Asia.
United Kingdom Beauty Standards
Eyebrows are a huge focus since Cara Delevingne became a fashion and
beauty icon. The obsession with heavy brows is a global phenomenon, but it's
particularly popular in the __ where the bigger the brow, the better. Bold brows indicate innocence and natural beauty.
Māori Women Of New Zealand
in some cultures, tattoos are unprofessional — but for __women, they are a rite of passage.
facial tattoos are a symbol of beauty for these women.
In their culture, women use the traditional chin tattoo, the moko kauae,
as a stamp of their true identity. They view it as a symbol of empowerment
and transition into womanhood.
Japanese Beauty Standards
obsession with "yaeba," otherwise known as the double tooth.
While most women in the world are focused on having the perfect, straight-
toothed smile, ___ culture finds this crooked look much more attractive.
This quirky beauty standard is something that __ women will
actually go through dental procedures to attain.
BIG is beautiful in MAURITANIA
The bigger the woman, the more beautiful she is. Being obese may not be regarded the same way in other parts of the world, but in this culture, it's considered to be an indication of wealth.
Young girls are actually sent to "fattening farms" to be force-fed camel milk, which is high in fat
Neck Rings In Southeast Asia
an elongated neck is regarded as beautiful.
This is why women of the Kayan tribe stack brass coils on their neck to give
the illusion of having a long neck. From a young age, girls will put rings on their
neck in order for it to stretch over time.
Persian Beauty Standards
Both men and women in _ are pressured by societal standards to have
thin, sloped noses.
it's actually viewed as a norm to go through this popular cosmetic procedure
Beauty from different CULTURAL PERSPECTIVE
The bombshell (America)
Au Naturel (France)
Tall, Blue eyes, well kept Girl (Russia)
Tapered Jaw, double eyelids, small (nose, mouth), and fair skin (Korea)
Perfect Body (Brazil)
Petite Body, Strong Facial Features (Big nose, Strong Chin, Round Eyes), Fair Skin (Thailand)
Luscious Hair, Dark brows, and fair skin (India)
Dark Skin (Bangladesh)
Heavy Brows (UK)
“Yaeba” double tooth (Japan)
“Big is Beautiful” (Mauritania)
Lip Plates (Ethiopia)
Sloped Noses (Iran) following Persian beauty standards.
Sexual intercourse
sexual activity typically involving the insertion and thrusting of the penis into
the vagina for sexual pleasure, reproduction, or both.
Note
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