Understanding The Seld (Midterm)

Spiritual Self

defined as the inner most workings of the persons mind, the behavior, beliefs and even morals that involves every aspect of the human as a person

William James

who defined Spiritual Self

William James

According to him people will find more satisfaction in having been able to
show of the spiritual self like their intelligence, to have their wishes done, and
to act upon their conscience than to count or show their possession, because he said that the spiritual self “is the most enduring the intimate part of the self”

Manifestations of the Spiritual Self

Person's Will
Intelligence andAbilities

Morals
Values

Person's Will

Refers to one’s wishes, there are the things that
we want to see and achieve in our lives.

Intelligence and Abilities

these are the perceived strength of a person,
the things that they have confidence in doing and believe to
have a certain level of mastery

Morals

it is the definition of what is right and wrong, distinguishing the things that
are acceptable for a person, the society and at the same time the determination of the possible effects of their actions to themselves, their environment and other people

Values

is the person’s ability to distinguish what is important and what is not.

Religion

an organized system of ideas about spiritual reality, or the supernatural, along with associated beliefs and ceremonial practices (Haviland, 2007)

Spirituality

Concern with the sacred, as distinguished from material matters. In contrast to religion, spirituality is often individual rather than collective and does not require a distinctive format or traditional organization (Haviland, 2007)

Myth

A sacred narrative that explains the fundamentals of human existence – where we and everything in our world came from, why we are here, and where we are going

Rituals

A culturally prescribed symbolic act or procedure designed to guide members of a community in an orderly way through personal and collective transitions.

Rituals

Two types: calendric and crisis

Supernatural

is around you all the time, especially in non-industrialized societies
• In a lot of cultures, health, wealth, and daily things are related to ___

Functions of Religion

1. Cognitive Function

2. Emotional Function

3. Social Function

Cognitive Function

Enabling humans to explains the unexplainable phenomena

Emotional Function

Helping individuals to cope up with anxieties that often accompany illness, accidents, deaths

Social Function

Social control, conflict resolution and building group solidarity

Dungan

Spirit or Soul

Spirit or Soul

has two dimensions; (1) human body and (2) spiritual.

Soul

referred to as kaluluwa by the Tagalogs

Soul

referred to as Dungan by the Ilonggos comes from the root word duwa, two

Ilonggo

dungan

Tagalog

kaluluwa

Bisayans

they believe that the Dungan leaves the body while the person is asleep. Travelling Dungan outside the body must be free from accidents such as getting trapped in a jar. Only when the soul has safely reunited with the body, the person will be awake.

Dungan

also connoted as “willpower”. If a person has a strong willpower, is it said to
have a strong ___ (Magos, 1986)

harang

Visayan fishing villages practice the offering ritual called

Visayan fishing villages

harang is an offering ritual practice by ___

Visayan fishing villages

A local shaman invokes sea spirits. These are several stages of the ritual purification, invocation, entreaty and feast which cover community life such as harvest, operation of fishing boats and cases of illnesses (Kawada, 1996)

tuob

Purification of the Place

pagtawag

Invocation of Spirits

pangamuyo

Explanation of Motivation, Request & Entreaty

bayad

Offering communion

kan-on

Feast

Harang

Rituals and Ceremonies

Viktor Frankl

Finding and Creating Meaning in Life

Viktor Frankl

the originator of Logotherapy, indicates how his involvement in quest for the significance of life in a Nazi death camp changed his viewpoint of the world

Viktor Frankl

states that we can’t abstain from affliction, yet we can pick how to
manage it and discover significance in it

Viktor Frankl

man cannot avoid suffering but can find meaning from it. His theory
holds three primary human capabilities called as noological possibilities: self-
detachment, self-transcendence, and the ability to “spiritually be in touch” with
something or someone independent of spatio-temporal dimensions.

Anthropological

Man does not simply exist but always decides what his existence will be, what he will become in the next moment.”

Man is ultimately self-determining

Psychological

Man’s key motivation is the search for meaning

Philosophical

Life has unconditional meaning, regardless of the circumstances or situation. His life in the concentration camp, Frankl writes that he found meaning that helped strengthen his will to survive.

Individualism

Independent

Individual

Independent

People are autonomous and independent from their in-groups

Individual

Behaves on their basis of attitudes rather than norms

Collectivism

Interdependent
Communal

Interdependent

Gives priority to the goals of their in- group, which primarily shapes their behavior

Communal

Behaves in manners that maintains relationships with others

Western

Egoism

Eastern

Collectivism

Egoism

focus on oneself and personal needs

Egoism

Inclined to the acquisition of material things

Egoism

Success is usually equated to material wealth

Collectivism

focus on the other and feelings of others

Collectivism

Tilted towards less assets

Collectivism

Success is included towards longer life

Western Ideas

Self is a social construction

Western Ideas

Self is an interpersonal unit

Western Ideas

Self takes form in communication

Western Ideas

Self is phenomenal and non-phenomenal

Eastern Ideas

Attainment of liberation in the identification of Atman (the spiritual essence of all individuals) and Brahman (the spiritual essence of the universe) through the Four Yogas -Hinduism

Eastern Ideas

Man follows virtues of love, righteousness, wisdom, propriety
and loyalty to promote harmony in society - Confucianism

Eastern Ideas

Detachment (Theravada) and compassion (Mahayana) is the path towards nirvana -Buddhism

Theravada

Detachment

Mahayana

compassion

Confucianism

Man follows virtues of love, righteousness, wisdom, propriety
and loyalty to promote harmony in society

Buddhism

Detachment (Theravada) and compassion (Mahayana) is the path towards nirvana

Hinduism

Attainment of liberation in the identification of Atman (the spiritual essence of all individuals) and Brahman (the spiritual essence of the universe) through the Four Yogas

Atman

the spiritual essence of all individuals

Brahman

the spiritual essence of the universe

Eastern Ideas

Concept of Kapwa, recognition of shared identity, an inner self shared with others; Two levels or modes of social interaction – ibang-tao or “outsider” and hindi ibang-tao or “one-of-us” -Filipino Psychology

Filipino Psychology

Concept of Kapwa, recognition of shared identity, an inner self shared with others; Two levels or modes of social interaction – ibang-tao or “outsider” and hindi ibang-tao or “one-of-us”

Physical Self

Refers to the body which we interface with our environment and fellow being.
It is a tangible aspect of the person that can be directly observed and examined.
How a person presents themselves physically could have varying effects on how people accepts or interacts with them.

3 Basic Body Types

1. Endomorph

2. Mesomorph

3. Ectomorph

Endomorph

Big, high body fat, often pear-shaped, with a high tendency to store body fat.

Mesomorph

Muscular and well-built, with a high metabolism and responsive muscle cells

Ectomorph

Lean and long, with difficulty building muscle

William James

considered body as initial source of sensation and necessary for the origin and maintenance of personality

Sigmund Freud

Construction of self and personality makes the physical body the core of human experience.

Wilhelm Reich

All psychological processes, are part of the physical process and vice versa

Mind and Body as one

Erik Erikson

Bodily organs is important in early developmental stages of a persons life.

Carl Jung

Argued that the physical body and the external world can be known only as psychological experiences

Burrhus Frederic Skinner

The role of the body is of primary importance.

Self-esteem

Refers to the overall self- evaluation or sense of self worth.

3 Different Kinds of Self Esteem

1. Low Self Esteem

2. High Self Esteem

3. Inflated Self Esteem

The bombshell (America)

the blonde hair and blue eyes combo is the real __dream

Au Naturel En France

the effortless "I woke up like this" look is very
common. The youthful, minimal-to- no-makeup appearance is what their society prefers.

With all of the high fashion trends in , it's no surprise that the __ would rather put their time into their outfits than their makeup routines

Russian Beauty Standards

who are deemed the most beautiful are tall and slim with bright blue or green eyes, high cheekbones, and full, plump lips.

women take very good care of their appearance. In a way, they're basically the opposite of French women because they spend a lot of time and money on makeup and beauty products

Korean Beauty Standards

highest rate of cosmetic surgeries per capita in the world.

The ideal woman has a tapered/v- shaped jaw, double eyelids, big round eyes, a small nose, a small mouth, and very fair skin

Brazilian Beauty

not far behind Korea when it comes to plastic surgery... It's just less
about the face and more about getting that voluptuous figure.

women are competing to have thicker, muscular thighs, a toned bod, and of course that trademark ___bottom

Thai Beauty Standards

similarly to Korea,___ has high societal pressure to meet Western-
influenced beauty standards.

beautiful women must be petite and have strong features like a big nose, big round eyes, and a strong chin. These standards are also

influenced by the Indian caste system; the ideal light skin represents both
social status and beauty.

India's Bollywood Beauty

The ideal woman in India has almond- shaped eyes, a sharp nose, luscious black hair, dark brows and fair skin.

deep skin–toned women who are considered gorgeous in South Asia.

United Kingdom Beauty Standards

Eyebrows are a huge focus since Cara Delevingne became a fashion and
beauty icon. The obsession with heavy brows is a global phenomenon, but it's
particularly popular in the __ where the bigger the brow, the better. Bold brows indicate innocence and natural beauty.

Māori Women Of New Zealand

in some cultures, tattoos are unprofessional — but for __women, they are a rite of passage.

facial tattoos are a symbol of beauty for these women.

In their culture, women use the traditional chin tattoo, the moko kauae,
as a stamp of their true identity. They view it as a symbol of empowerment
and transition into womanhood.

Japanese Beauty Standards

obsession with "yaeba," otherwise known as the double tooth.

While most women in the world are focused on having the perfect, straight-
toothed smile, ___ culture finds this crooked look much more attractive.

This quirky beauty standard is something that __ women will
actually go through dental procedures to attain.

BIG is beautiful in MAURITANIA

The bigger the woman, the more beautiful she is. Being obese may not be regarded the same way in other parts of the world, but in this culture, it's considered to be an indication of wealth.

Young girls are actually sent to "fattening farms" to be force-fed camel milk, which is high in fat

Neck Rings In Southeast Asia

an elongated neck is regarded as beautiful.

This is why women of the Kayan tribe stack brass coils on their neck to give
the illusion of having a long neck. From a young age, girls will put rings on their
neck in order for it to stretch over time.

Persian Beauty Standards

Both men and women in _ are pressured by societal standards to have
thin, sloped noses.

it's actually viewed as a norm to go through this popular cosmetic procedure

Beauty from different CULTURAL PERSPECTIVE

1. The bombshell (America)

2. Au Naturel (France)

3. Tall, Blue eyes, well kept Girl (Russia)

4. Tapered Jaw, double eyelids, small (nose, mouth), and fair skin (Korea)

5. Perfect Body (Brazil)

6. Petite Body, Strong Facial Features (Big nose, Strong Chin, Round Eyes), Fair Skin (Thailand)

7. Luscious Hair, Dark brows, and fair skin (India)

8. Dark Skin (Bangladesh)

9. Heavy Brows (UK)

10. “Yaeba” double tooth (Japan)

11. “Big is Beautiful” (Mauritania)

12. Lip Plates (Ethiopia)

13. Sloped Noses (Iran) following Persian beauty standards.

Sexual intercourse

sexual activity typically involving the insertion and thrusting of the penis into
the vagina for sexual pleasure, reproduction, or both.