Psychology Test 4

Chapters 11, 12, 13

Personality

A relatively stable pattern of psychological characteristics called traits

Trait

enduring and consistent patterns of thoughts, feelings, attitudes, and behaviors ex. shy, peaceful, extroverted

Hippocrates and the 4 Humors

personality determined by 4 temprements thought to be associated with body fluids

Sanguine

extroverted/cheerful (blood)

Phlegmatic

relaxed/cautious (phlegm)

Melancholic

introverted/sad (black bile)

Choleric

quick tempered/dominating (yellow bile)

Freudian Personality Theory

unconscious, pre-conscious, and conscious; id, ego, and superego;

Id

instinctive and unconscious aspect of personality that seeks immediate gratification, operates on the “Pleasure principle” and is primitive and completely selfish

Ego

our sense of self, the public and private expression of our personality; rational operates on the “reality principle” and wants to find satisfaction for the Id, but in ways that are reasonable and rational

Superego

is the judge or supervisor of the personality. Internalizes values and morals and unconsciously applies them to our behavior. Insists that we behave according to the highest ideals we have been taught- the idealistic principle

Ego Defense Mechanisms

Denial, rationalization, intellectualization, projection, displacement, reaction formation, repression, sublimation, regression

Carl Jung

student of Freud, theories directly parallel to Freud; conscious=ego, personal conscious=id, collective unconscious=superego

Myers-Briggs Test (MTBI)

Describes ways of thinking and acting in terms of 16 possible combinations of 4 dichotomous preferences

Rorschach Ink Blot Tests

Personality tests intended to reveal the content of the content of the unconscious mind

Insanity

DSM-5

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)
Labels and Diagnoses describe, but do not explain, mental disorders and do not offer treatment suggestions

1. Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Refers to Disorders of growth and development of the brain. These disorders interfere with normal cognitive and social development in learning, communication judgement, and social interactions ex. Down Syndrome, Autism Spectrum, AD/HD

2. Schizophrenic Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders

Defined by psychosis. Disturbance in perception, thought, speech, emotion, mood, orientation, organization or serious disturbance in daily functioning. Positive symptoms are "added" to the mind, negative symptoms are "subtracted."

3. Bipolar Disorders

Characterized by symptoms of both depression and mania. Moods alternate between these two types of episodes. (Rapid cycling means 4 episodes in 12 months.)

4. Depressive Disorders

Characterized by symptoms of depression

5. Anxiety Disorders

Anxiety can be related to something specific to a generalized groundless feeling ex. panic attacks, phobias

6. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorders

Characterized by obsessions and compulsions

7. Trauma and Stressor Related Disorders

These disorders are the result of a specific traumatic or stressful event ex. PTSD, Reactive Detachment Disorder

8. Dissociative Disorders

characterized by discontinuity in the normal integration of consciousness, memory, identity, emotion, perception, etc.

9. Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders

Disorders that are primarily somatic (physical) symptoms. Most often seen and treated in a medical setting and not a psychological setting ex. conversion disorder and factitious disorder

10. Feeding and Eating Disorders

Disturbance of eating or eating-related behavior, ex. Pica, anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa

11. Elimination Disorders

Enuresis- repeated passing urine in inappropriate places Encopesis- repeated passing of feces in inappropriate places

12. Sleep-Wake Disorders

Disorders that encompass the sleep/wake cycle of cause difficulties during the “wake” time ex. insomnia, narcolepsy, sleep apnea

13. Sexual Dysfunctions

Multiple disorders that are characterized by a clinically significant disturbance in a person’s ability to respond sexually or to experience sexual pleasure

14. Gender Dysphoria

A new diagnosis with the DSM-5, it refers to a marked incongruence between a person’s experienced/expressed gender and their assigned gender. Can be a diagnosis in both children and adults

15. Disruptive, Impulse Control, and Conduct Disorders

Conditions that involve problems in the self-control of emotions and behaviors. These result in behaviors that violate the rights of others, such as aggression or destruction of property ex. Oppositional Defiant Disorder, Conduct Disorder

16. Substance Related and Addictive Disorders

Recurrent substance use that results in failure to fulfill major obligations, legal problems, social/interpersonal problems, also includes Gambling Disorders

17. Neurocognitive Disorders

Conditions that involve disturbances in thinking, memory, language, and awareness of surroundings ex. Dementia (Alzheimer’s Disease)
Amnesia

18. Personality Disorders

Enduring, pervasive and inflexible patterns of thinking, feeling, and behaving that deviate substantially from the expectations of culture, 3 clusters

19. Paraphyllic Disorders

A type of atypical sexual urge, fantasy, or behavior involving objects activities or situation, having these behaviors is not necessarily considered a disorder, only if it causes the person distress about them

Lobodomy

removal or severing of the frontal lobe of the brain

Thorazine

accidentally discovered, approved in 1954

Anti-Psychotics

used to treat psychotic symptoms by blocking dopamine receptors

Anti-Depressants

treat depression by increasing norepinephrine and/or serotonin

Anxiolytics

treat anxiety symptoms by increasing GABA which slows down neurons

Mood-Stabilizers

have anti-mania and anti-depression qualities

Maladaptive

harmful to the individual or make it difficult to function

Disturbing

either to the individual or others

Unusual

not shared by many other people

Irrational

doesn’t make sense to most people

Behavioral Theory of Abnormal Psychology

learned by reinforced and punished behavior

Cognitive Theory of Abnormal Psychology

disordered patterns of understanding and interpreting experiences

Freudian Psycho-Dynamic Theory

the result of unconscious psychic conflicts

Humanist Theory

develops when circumstances block one’s progress toward self-actualization

Evolutionary Theory

thoughts that today cause problems used to have adaptive advantage in the past

Biological Theory

diseases of the brain

Christian Counseling

Insanity

not a diagnosis, it's a legal term to indicate someone is not capable of standing trial and can't be held responsible for their actions

Christian Counseling

Three schools of thought: Psychology is bad and should be rejected
Biblical counseling should only involve using the Bible to counsel. Any other book or resource technique is wrong Integrated- believes that valid findings of psychology and accurate interpretations of the Bible will not ultimately contradict, so can use both

Biological Treatment

medication and shock therapy to fix the brain

Behavioral Therapy

Establishes rewards and reinforcements to change unwanted thoughts, feelings, and behavior. Exposure Therapy and Systematic Desensitization

Cognitive Therapy

Seeks to correct irrational or distorted thinking

Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy

Uses techniques from both cognitive and behavioral approaches. Based on the idea that the way we think about a situation and the way we behave in a situation are more important than the situation itself

Humanistic Therapy

Strive to create an environment that is accepting, non-judgmental, and non-directive so that the innate goodness in the person will help guide them to the correct decisions and choices

Family Therapy

Focus on the system or relationships between people and the belief that difficulty in the system is the main reason for individual difficulties

INFP

Creative and imaginative, they happily lose themselves in daydreams, known for their sensitivity, can have profound emotional responses to music, art, nature, and the people around them. Idealistic and empathetic, Mediators long for deep, soulful relationships, and they feel called to help others, feel uneasy pretending to be someone they aren’t.