Acids, Bases, and Salts Lecture Notes

Vocabulary flashcards based on lecture notes about acids, bases, and salts.

potassium permanganate

A gas that is identified by the color getting discharged, pink color turns colorless when sulphur dioxide is passedthrough

acidified k2cr207

A gas that is identified by the orange colour gets discharged and turns green, when sulphur dioxide gas is passed through

Strong acids

Acids which almost completely dissociate to give more hydrogen ions in the presence of water.

Weak acids

Acids which dissociate feebly or partially to give less number of hydrogen ions in the presence of water.

Dilute acid

Less acid and more water.

Concentrated acid

More acid and less water.

Basicity of an acid

The number of replaceable or ionizable hydrogen ions given by one molecule of an acid.

hydrogen

Acids liberate x when treated with active metals.

Acids and Metal Carbonates

A colorless gas is evolved with brisk effervescence, which turns blue litmus red and lime water milky, when dilute acids are treated with metal carbonates and bicarbonates.

Acids and Metallic Sulphite

A gas is evolved with a choking smell and turns moist blue litmus red, when metallic sulphite or bisulphite is treated with dilute acids; the gas is SO2.

Acids and Metallic Sulphide

A gas is evolved with a rotten egg-like smell (hydrogen sulphide) when dilute acids are treated with metallic sulphide.

Neutralization reaction

When dilute acids are treated with alkali, salt and water are formed.

Alkalis

Soluble bases.

Bases

Metallic oxides and hydroxides.

Alkaline bases

Metallic hydroxides that can furnish OH- ions in the presence of water

Non-metallic oxides

Oxides that contain non-metallic ions and are acidic.

Amphoteric oxides

Metallic oxides that react with both acids and bases.

Bases and CO2

Bases absorb CO2 from the open atmosphere and form corresponding carbonates.

Ammonium salts and Alkali

When any ammonium salt (except ammonium nitrate) is heated with an alkali, a gas is evolved that burns red litmus paper blue.

Indicators

Chemical dyes which, by a change in their own color, determine whether a substance is acidic, alkaline, or neutral.

Universal indicator

Not only identifies the chemical nature of the given solution but also identifies the pH range by its own color change.

Solution P

A solution evolves a gas that turns blue litmus red when treated with Na2CO3 solution.

Solution Q

A solution evolves a gas that turns red litmus blue when treated with NH4Cl solution.

Salt

A compound that, when treated with water, yields positively charged ions (cations) other than hydrogen ions and negatively charged ions (anions) other than hydroxyl ions.

Normal salt

A salt that does not contain any ionisable hydrogen or replaceable hydroxyl ion.

Acid Salt

A salt that gives or furnishes cation hydrogen ions in presence of water

Basic Salts

A salt that contains replaceable or ionisable OH ions in them.

Neutralization (Soluble Salts)

Salts of sodium, potassium, and ammonium can be prepared by this method because all the outcomes are soluble.

Salt (alternative definition)

A compound formed by the partial or total replacement of ionisable hydrogen of an acid by a metallic ion or ammonium ion.