American Indians and Europeans

French

• Aligned with the Hurons and Algonquians

• Stayed in St Lawrence river region and the Great Lakes region

• Fur trade

• Cordial- respected native American’s autonomy

• Lived with them and married them

Dutch

• Allied with the Iroquois Confederacy

  • alliance helped them build their power in the region

  • Beaver Wars- Iroquois wanted full control over beaver fur trade

    • war with Hurons and algonquins

    • ened because beaver running out and people dying(disease) 1701

• Stayed in the Hudson River Valley region

Spanish

• gold, land, and religion

• Allied with natives especially those close to the edge of their territory

• Alliances came with pressure to convert to Christianity

British

• Focused on gaining land for farming and settlement

• allied with the Narrangansett and Mohegan during Pequot war 1636

  • early on in the New England region

  • competition over land and trade relations(English wanted direct trade relations(not Pequot middlemen)- the natives wanted power over that region

  • Mystic Massacre 1637- many Pequot killed

Metacom’s War or King Phillip’s War

• English forced laws, invaded hunting grounds, and spread onto Native American land

• Metacom lead a multi -tribe alliance 1675 against the British to drive them out from Rhode Island and Southern Massachusetts

• Bloodiest war in American history

  • 60% of Native population dead

• Intensified colonists’s hostility towards Natives

• Metacom killed(head on a spike in Plymouth) and Native American power in New England region depleted

Pueblo Revolt

• Spain established Sante Fe as capital of New Mexico

  • Didn’t have gold like Mexico so they established a political base

  • Demanded conversion to Catholocism, corn, and labor(encomienda system)-took the young away from families to build up that generation in Catholocism

• Pope lead Pueblos, Navajos, and Apaches to attack the Spanish when they were low on supplies 1680

  • burned mission churches

• Droughts, attack, and rival groups weakened them- 1693- the Spanish took over again

• after Popé’s Rebellion the Spanish “adopted a more tolerant approach to the traditional religion of the Pueblos.

• recognized Pueblo land more officially after the revolt.