Unit 6

Transit-oriented development

Transit-oriented development

Urban planning that strategically located public transit stations throughout a city to reduce dependence on automobiles and provide convenient and accessible public transportation options.

New Urbanism

Urban planning that seeks to create compact and walkable cities that are sustainable and socially connected.

Smart growth policies

Urban policies that seek to reduce urban sprawl and protect farmland surrounding the city. (Achieves this goal by promoting mixed-use development, public transportation, and green areas)

Green belt

An area of land that is set aside for conservation or recreational purposes, traditionally found outside an urban area

Infilling

Building within an existing developed area on land that is unused or underdevelopment (Building occurs inside the urban area and in a way that does not expand the cities footprint outward)

Slow-Growth Cities

Urban areas that promote sustainable growth by limiting new development in the periphery of the city (Goal is to reduce urban sprawl and preserve open spaces and green areas)

Growth boundaries

A boundary put in place to control urban sprawl, by only allowing development to occur inside the boundary.

Smart cities

Cities that utilize technology and data to reduce inefficiencies, optimize resource usage, and improve the quality of life for its residents

Post de facto segregation

The separation of people along racial, ethnic, or socioeconomic lines that is not officially enforced by laws or regulations

Gentrification

The process of renovating, rebuilding, or revitalization an urban area, resulting in lower-income residents to become displaced and more affluent residents to move into the area.

Placelessness

When a place does not invoke any strong response from an individual (lacks unique characteristics)

Redlining

A discriminatory practice where banks refuse to provide loans to people who live in certain neighbourhoods (Areas that were deemed high risk and not given loans were traditionally minority neighborhoods)

Blockbusting

Restate agents use misinformation about minor to y communities moving into a neighbourhood to motivate white homeowners to sell their home at a lower price. Once the agent purchases the property at a discounted rate, they can then resell it at a higher price to a minority buyer who was previously excluded from the

White flight

A phenomenon in which white residents migrate out of an urban area to a suburban area in large numbers

Environmental injustice

The disproportionately distribution of environmental hazards among different social groups (Environmental hazards and pollutants are more commonly found near marginalized and vulnerable communities)

Disamentiy zone

An area or region within a city that lacks public services, quality infrastructure, and has a higher concentration of crime, poverty, and sometimes squatter settlements

Qualitative

Information that was witnessed, observed, or described. (Not clearly measurable)

Quantitative

Data that is objective and is not up for debate.

Urban Sprawl

The unrestricted growth and expression of an urban or suburb area into the surrounding countryside.

Boomurb

A rapidly growing suburban, city that has developed its own unique identity.

Exurb

A settlement that exists outside of a suburban area, but remains connected to the metro area.

Edge City

A settlement that has its own economic district and is located on the outskirts of a city near/ a belt way or major highway.

Linkages

Connections between different industries, sectors, or places.

Primate city

City that has more than twice the population of the next largest city. (A primate city has significant political, economic, and social control over the rest of the country)

Rank-Size Rule

The population of a settlement ranked n will be 1/nth of the size of the largest settlement

(Second largest settlement will have half the population of the largest, the third largest will have one-third the population, and so on)

Inclusionary zone

Areas where there are local politics creates incentives to create affordable housing for lower income residents.

Municipalities

Local government units created by a state or national government. Ex. A town, city, village, other local government unit)

Infrastructure

The physical and organizational structures and facilities that are needed for a society, system, or organisation to function.

Megacity

A city with more than 10 million or more residents.

Mentality

A city with more than 20 million or more residents.

Urban Sprawl

Unrestricted growth and expansion of an urban or suburban area into the surrounding countryside.

Density gradient

A gradual change in the density of an urban area from the center to the periphery.

Zoning

Government regulation on how land can and how land cannot be used. Ex. Commercial, agricultural, residential., industrial

Revitalization programs

Programs that are put in place to attract back to an area by promoting economic growth and by creating new opportunities for residents. (Create more affordable housing, re-zoning areas, implementing new sustainable initiatives)

Bureaucracy

An organization that has multiple levels which all seek to carry out a specific task. Ex. United States department of agriculture has multiple departments, agencies, and offices which all work together to enforce food safety and animal welfare throughout the country).

Eminent domain

The right of the government to take private property to use it for public use.