Sem 1 Final - Health Careers ‘25

Osteoarthritis

Loss of articular cartilage and formation of bone spurs articular surfaces

Ganglion Cyst

A fluid-filled cyst arising from the joint capsule or a tendon in the wrist

Dislocation

Displacement of bone from a joint

Rheumatoid Arthritis

Autoimmune reaction against joint tissue

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

Compression of median nerve as it passes between ligament and bones and tendons of the wrist

Lyme Disease

Recurrent arthritis, myalgia, malaise and neurologic and cardiac symptom

Ankylosing Spondylitis

Chronic progressive stiffening of joints, mostly spine

Systemic Lupus Erythematous (SLE)

Chronic inflammatory disease involving joints, skin, kidneys, nervous system, heart and lungs affecting collagen in tendons, ligaments, bones, and cartilage all over the body

Comedones

Clogged pores caused by sebum (whiteheads, blackheads)

Nevi/Nevus

Pigmented lesion of the skin (moles)

Alopecia

The absence of hair where it normally grows

Pruritus

Itching

Decubitus Ulcer

Bedsore / Pressure Ulcer (open lesion/sore)

Verrucae

Epidermal growth caused by a virus (warts)

Tinea Pedis

Contagious fungal infection of skin on the feet (athlete’s foot)

Acromegaly

Rare condition in which the growth hormone gradually enlarges a person’s bones, tissue, and organs

Exanthem

Widespread skin rash usually triggered by viral infection

Metastasis

The spread of cancer cells from the place where they first formed to another part of the body

Keloid

Excess hypertrophied, thickened scar developing after trauma or surgical incision

Cytsocele

Bladder prolapse (when the bladder bulges into vagina due to weakened pelvic floor)

Hepatitis B Virus (HBV)

Serious liver infection and mostly short-term (acute), leading to cirrhosis and liver inflammation

Melanoma

Cancerous growth composed of melanocytes (pigment producing cells)

Acne Vulgaris

Common medical term name for acne

Fascia

Connective tissue that surrounds and holds every organ, blood vessel, bone, nerve fiber, and muscle in place

Pyloric Stenosis

Narrowing of the opening between the stomach and small intestine

Vesicles

Small collection of clear fluid (serum); Blister

Seborrheic Dermatitis

Inflammatory skin condition causing greasy, flaky, yellowish scales and redness on oily areas like the scalp (dandruff)

Ecchymosis

Blue-purple marks on the skin

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)

Chronic condition where stomach acid frequently flows back into the esophagus

Right Hypochondriac

Liver, gallbladder, right kidney, small intestine

Right Lumbar

Gallbladder, liver, right colon

Right Iliac (or inguinal)

Appendix, Cecum

Epigastric Region

Stomach, liver, pancreas, duodenum, spleen, adrenal glands

Umbilical Region

Navel (umbilicus), parts of small intestine, duodenum

Hypogastric Region

Urinary bladder, sigmoid colon, female reproductive organs

Left Hypochondriac

Spleen, colon, left kidney, pancreas

Left Lumbar

Descending colon, left kidney

Left Iliac (or inguinal)

Descending colon, sigmoid colon

Ophthalmologist

Crossed eyes, astigmatism, near/far sightedness

Cardiologist

High blood pressure, heart failure, high cholesterol

Nephrologist

Kidney stones, chronic kidney disease, renal disease

Gynecologist

Infertility, ovarian cysts, menstrual issues

Oncologist

All types of cancer, overseeing radiation/surgery

Gastroenterologist

IBS, GERD, Ulcers

Neurologist

Seizures, epilepsy, alzheimers

Hematologist

Anemia, blood clots, blood cancers

Psychiatrist

Bipolar disorder, PTSD, anxiety disorders

Pulmonologist

Asthma, bronchitis, sleep apnea

Arthroscopy

Endoscope inserted into the joint through a small incision

Dialysis

Artificial process that removes excess fluid and waste products from the blood when the kidneys are no longer functioning properly

Colostomy

An opening in the colon that lets stools pass from the body without going through the anus

Angioplasty

Used to widen narrowed or obstructed arteries or veins

Tonsillectomy

Surgery to remove tonsils

Aminocentesis

Thin needle extracts amniotic fluid from uterus

Laparotomy

Surgical incision into abdominal cavity

Incision

Deliberate cut, usually surgical made with sharp tool through skin or tissue for access

Mastectomy

Surgical procedure to remove all breast tissue

Paracentesis

Inserting a needle through the abdominal wall to remove excess fluid from the peritoneal cavity, or abdominal cavity

Thoracentesis

Remove excess fluid or air from the space between the lungs and chest wall using a needle or catheter

Angiography

X-ray to examine blood vessels

Laparoscopy

Using a thin, lighted camera (laparoscope) inserted through small incisions to diagnose and treat conditions in the abdomen or pelvis

Insomnia

Common sleep disorder making it harder to fall asleep

Metamorphosis

Profound psychological, emotional, or personal transformations, like shedding old identities for new ones

Jaundice

Yellow coloration of skin and whites of eyes caused by high levels of bilirubin

Diarrhea

Passing loose, watery stools frequently

Relapse

Return of a disease’s symptoms or return to addictive substances

Urticaria

Acute allergic reaction in which red wound wheals develop on the skin (hives)

-itis

Inflammation

-oma

Tumor, mass

-emia

Blood condition

tachy-

Fast, rapid

Endo-

Within, inner

Enter/o

(Small) Intestine

Arthr/o

Joint

My/o

Muscle

Gluc/o

Glucose, sugar

Derm/o

Skin

Hyper-

High, above normal

-glyc

Glucose, sugar

-cyte

Cell

-ectomy

(Surgical) Removal

Brady-

Slow

Dys-

Abnormal, bad, difficult

Hypo-

Low, below normal

Hepat/o

Liver

Diaphor/o

Profuse sweating

Erythem/o

Redness

Oste/o

Bone

Dermat/o

Skin

-trophy

Nourishment, growth

-tomy

Incision