period 7 apush

“City Beautiful Movement”

Progressive Era movement that promoted beautifying cities with parks, grand buildings, and wide boulevards to encourage civic pride and social order.

Social Settlement

Community centers in poor urban areas where reformers provided services like education, childcare, and healthcare to help immigrants and the urban poor.

Jane Adams/Hull House

Progressive reformer who founded Hull House in Chicago (1889), a settlement house that provided education, childcare, and other services to immigrants and the urban poor.

Pure Food and Drug Act

1906-Progressive Era law that required accurate labeling of food and medicine and banned unsafe or contaminated products.

upton Sinclair/The Jungle

Sinclair’s 1906 novel exposed unsanitary conditions in the meatpacking industry and helped lead to the Pure Food and Drug Act and Meat Inspection Act.

National Consumers League

Progressive reform organization that promoted safe working conditions and fair wages by encouraging consumers to support businesses with ethical labor practices.

Women’s Trade Union League

Progressive Era organization that supported women workers by advocating for better wages, safer conditions, and the right to unionize.

Triangle Fire

Factory fire in New York City that killed 146 garment workers and led to new workplace safety laws.

Pendleton Act

Law that required many federal government jobs to be filled through competitive exams instead of political patronage, starting the civil service system.

Sherman Antitrust Act

Federal law that made monopolies and business practices that restrained trade illegal, aimed at limiting the power of large trusts.

Lodge Bill

Proposed federal law that would have protected African American voting rights in the South, but it failed to pass in the Senate. 📚

Omaha Platform/Populist Party

The Populist Party’s reform platform calling for free silver, government regulation of railroads, a graduated income tax, and direct election of senators.

Free Silver

Policy supported by Populists and some Democrats to allow unlimited coinage of silver to increase the money supply and help farmers and debtors

Solid South

Period after Reconstruction when Southern states consistently supported the Democratic Party, largely due to opposition to Republicans and disenfranchisement of Black voters

Williams v Mississippi

Supreme Court case that upheld state laws requiring poll taxes and literacy tests, allowing Southern states to effectively disenfranchise African American voters.

Lochner v New York

Supreme Court case that struck down a law limiting bakers’ work hours, ruling it violated freedom of contract under the 14th Amendment.

Theodore Roosevelt

Progressive U.S. president (1901–1909) known for trust-busting, regulating big business, conserving natural resources, and promoting his “Square Deal.”

Square Deal

Theodore Roosevelt’s domestic program that focused on consumer protection, control of corporations, and conservation of natural resources

Hepburn Act

Law that strengthened the Interstate Commerce Commission by allowing it to set maximum railroad shipping rates

Standard Oil Decision

Supreme Court ruling that broke up standard oil for violating the sherman anti trust act, declaring it an illegal monopoly.

Newlands reclamation act

Law that funded irrigation projects in the western United States to support farming and settlement by using money from public land sales.

Wisconsin Idea

Progressive reform that used university experts to help create state government policies and solve social and economic problems

National child labor committee

Reform organization founded in 1904 that worked to end child labor and promote laws protecting children in the workplace.

Muller v oregon

Supreme Court case that upheld a law limiting women’s work hours, arguing women needed special protection in the workplace.

Mothers pensions

Early 1900s state programs that gave financial aid to poor widowed mothers so they could care for their children at home instead of sending them to work or orphanages.

Industrial workers of the world

Radical labor union founded in 1905 that aimed to unite all workers into one big union and fight for better wages and working conditions.

WEB DuBois

African American scholar and civil rights leader who advocated for immediate racial equality and helped found the NAACP.

Talented 10th

W.E.B. Du Bois’s idea that the top 10% of educated African Americans should lead the fight for civil rights and uplift the Black community.

Souls of Black Folk

Book by web du bois that discussed racism, African American identity, and the concept of “double consciousness.”

NAACP

Civil rights organization founded to fight racial discrimination and secure equal rights for African Americans through legal action and activism