biochemistry

amino acid

building block of protein

fatty acid

building block of fat

glycerol

alcohol found in fat

glucose

mono saccharide made by plants

fructose

fruit sugar

dehydration synthesis

removal of water to bond compounds

hydrolysis

addition of water to split compounda

disaccharide

two simple sugars bonded

Polar compound

uneven distribution of charges on a compound

cohesion

water sticking together

adhesion

water sticking to other substances

capillary action

water defying gravity

carbohydrate

many sugars bonded together

protein

many amino acids bonded

fat

glycerol + 3 fatty acids

peptide bond

bond between amino acids

polysaccharide

simple sugars in a chain

amylase

enzyme found in saliva to break down carbs

hydrochloric acid and pepsin

found in the stomach to break down proteins

bile and lipase

found in the small intestine to break down fats

carboxyl

amino group

R

changes to determine the type of amino acid

alcohol group

Shapes of proteins

chains, coils, sheets, jumbles

Saturated fat

all single bonds in the hydrocarbon chain

Unsaturated fat

double bond in the hydrocarbon chain

trans fat

hydrogens are across and the bend the chain

function of fat

warmth, cushion, long term energy

function of protein

structure, movement, defense, transport, hormones

function of carbohydrates

energy

hydrogen bonding

interaction between water molecules due to the charge