UTS REVIEWER MIDTERMS

Me-Self:

refers to the objective aspect of the self. It encompasses the roles, labels, and social identities assigned to an individual. ❑The “BLANK” includes physical and psychological attributes such as gender, occupation, ethnicity, and other external characteristics

I-self

: represents the subjective aspect of the self. It reflects the individual’s inner experience, thoughts, desires, and consciousness. ❑The BLANK” is the subjective knower, the core of personal identity that experiences and interprets the world. ❑It is the thinking, acting, and feeling self

Real Self:

the authentic and genuine representation of an individual. It encompasses the person’s actual feelings, thoughts, and experiences. ❑The BLANK develops through the process of self actualization (personal growth and development) , where individuals strive to fulfill their innate potential

Ideal Self:

refers to the person an individual aspires to be. It is influenced by societal expectations, cultural values, and personal aspirations. ❑The BLANK represents the individual’s goals, dreams, and desired qualities

Self-actualization

- is the process of realizing and fulfilling one’s potential and abilities. ii. Abraham Maslow placed actualization at the top of his hierarchy of needs, which suggests that individuals must first satisfy more basic needs (such as physiological, safety, love and belonging, and esteem) before they can achieve self-actualization.

Multiple Self:

Individuals possess different aspects of their personality that may emerge in different contexts or social interactions

Unified Self:

Emphasizes the notion of a coherent and consistent self-identity that remains stable across various situations

True Self:

Represents the authentic and genuine nature of an individual. The BLANK involves a deep understanding and acceptance of one’s genuine feelings, desires, and values.

False Self:

Arises when individuals adopt a persona or mask to conform to societal expectations or gain approval from others. The BLANK often conceals the true feelings and desires of an individual, leading to a sense of inauthenticity

THEORY OF SYMBOLIC INTERACTIONISM

G.H. MEAD (1934) ❑The self is created and developed through human interaction ❑Three reasons why self and identity are social products 1. We do not create ourselves out of nothing. Society helped in creating the foundations of who we are. 2. Whether we like to admit it or not, we actually need others to affirm and reinforce who we think we are. 3. What we think is important to us may also been influenced by what is important in our social context

The Western concept of the self

emphasizes individuality, autonomy, rationality, and personal growth while being influenced by historical philosophical developments

The Eastern self

is spiritual and relational

Hinduism-

the self, known as Atman (true or eternal), is considered eternal, divine, unchanging, and present in all human beings

Buddhism-

the self is called Anatman (no self—there is no unchanging soul); Buddhists believe that there is no permanent, unchanging self or soul in any phenomenon To forget about the self, forget the cravings of the self, break the attachments you have with the world, renounce the self which is the cause of all suffering and in doing so, attain the state of nirvana (highest state of spiritual attainment

Taoism-

the self, known as the Tao or Dao, is seen as interconnected with the natural world BLANK- rejects the hierarchy and strictness brought by Confucianism and would prefer a simple lifestyle. The ideal self is selflessness but this is not forgetting about the self It is living a balanced life with the society and nature Forgetting about prejudices and egocentric ideas and thinking about equality

Confucianism-

the self, referred to as Ren or Junzi (ideal person/noble) , is seen as inherently relational and defined by its roles and responsibilities within society

physical self?

Refers to our physical characteristics, abilities, and experiences that contribute to our sense of self ii. Includes aspects such as appearance, health, body structure, physical experiences

Self-Esteem?

Refers to our overall evaluation of our worth and value as individuals. ii. Involves how we perceive and feel about ourselves, including our abilities, qualities, and achievements

Principle of Individual Differences

States that each person is unique, with their own distinct characteristics, experiences, and responses to various stimuli

Sexual Self?

Refers to an individual’s understanding, awareness, and expression of their own sexuality ii. Encompasses one’s sexual identity, attitudes, beliefs, desires, preferences, and behaviors

erogenous zones?

Areas of the body that are particularly sensitive and can elicit sexual arousal and pleasure when stimulated ii. These zones vary among individuals and may include areas such as lips, neck, breasts, genitals, inner thighs, and other erogenous areas.

Human sexual behavior

is defined as any activity— solitary., between two persons, or in a group that induces sexual arousal.

Solitary Behavior

- self-gratification means self stimulation that leads to sexual arousal and generally, sexual climax. Usually, most self-gratification takes place in private as an end in itself, but can also be done in a sociosexual relationship. There are more males who perform acts of self-gratification than females.

Sociosexual Behavior

- Heterosexual behavior is the greatest amount of sociosexual behavior that occurs only between only one male and one female

Coitus

–is the sexual intercourse or sexual contact involving penetration.

Excitement phase-

it is caused by increase in pulse and blood pressure resulting in increased skin temperature, flushing, and swelling of all distensible body parts, more rapid breathing, the secretion of genital fluids, vaginal expansion, and general increase in muscle tension

Plateau phase-

it is generally of brief duration. If stimulation continued, orgasm usually occurs.

Sexual Climax-

it is marked by a feeling of abrupt, intense pleasure, a rapid increase in pulse rate and blood pressure, and spasms of pelvic muscles causing contractions of the female reproductive organ and ejaculation by the male. Sexual climax may last for a few second—normally not over ten

Resolution phase-

it is the last stage that refers to the return to a normal or subnormal physiologic state. Whereas males return to normal even if stimulation continues, but continued stimulation can produce additional orgasms in female. Females are physically capable of repeated orgasms without the intervening “rest period” required by males

Physiological problems

are the least among the three categories. ❑Some common BLANK conditions that can disturb sexual response include vaginal infections, retroverted uteri, prostatitis, adrenal tumors, diabetes, senile changes of the vagina, and cardiovascular problems. ❑BLANK can be resolved through medication or surgery, while problems of the nervous system that can affect sexual response are more difficult to

Psychological problems

usually caused by socially induced inhibitions, maladaptive attitudes, ignorance, and sexual myths held by society e.g. the belief that good mature sex must involve rapid erection, prolonged coitus, and simultaneous orgasm

Erectile impotence

is always a psychological origin in males under 40

Ejaculatory impotence or the inability to ejaculate in coitus.

Occasional ejaculatory inability can be possibly expected in older men or any male who has exceeded his sexual capacity

SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES STDs

are infections transmitted from an infected person to an uninfected person through sexual contact. STDs can be caused by bacteria, viruses, or parasites

Chlamydia-

is a common sexually transmitted infection that can occur in both men and women. It is caused by a bacterium called BLANK trachomatis. It is easily treated and cured with antibiotics. If not treated, BLANK can cause serious problems, including infertility and ectopic pregnancy.

Gonorrhea-

BLANK bacteria can infect the urethra, rectum, female reproductive tract, mouth, throat or eyes. BLANK is most commonly spread during vaginal, oral or anal sexual activity. But babies can get the infection during childbirth. In babies, gonorrhea most commonly affects the eyes.

Syphilis-

is an infection caused by bacteria. Most often, it spreads through sexual contact. The disease starts as a sore that's often painless and typically appears on the genitals, rectum or mouth. BLANK spreads from person to person through direct contact with these sores. It also can be passed to a baby during pregnancy and childbirth and sometimes through breastfeeding.

Chancroid

is a sexually transmitted bacterial infection that causes painful open sores on or around the genitals. It is caused by the bacteria Haemophilus ducreyi.

Human Papillomavirus

- When symptoms do occur, the most common sign of the virus is warts in your genital area. Genital warts are rough, cauliflower-like lumps that grow on your skin. They may also appear like skin tags. They may appear weeks, months or even years after you’ve been infected with low-risk HPV. Genital warts are contagious (like all forms of HPV). They can also be itchy and very uncomfortable

Natural Method-

Family planning methods do not involve any chemical or foreign body introduction into the human body.

Abstinence-

refraining from sexual intercourse and is the most effective natural birth control method. Effective way to avoid STIs. However, most people find it difficult to comply with abstinence, so only few use this method.

Calendar Method-

According to the menstrual cycle, the woman is likely to conceive three or four days before and three or four days after ovulation. The woman needs to record her menstrual cycle for six months in order to calculate the woman’s safe days to prevent conception.

Ovulation Detection-

uses an over-the-counter kit that requires the urine sample of the woman

Coitus Interruptus-

one of the oldest methods that prevents conception. A couple still goes on with the coitus, but the man withdraws the moment he ejaculates to emit the spermatozoa outside of the female reproductive organ. A disadvantage of this method is the pre-ejaculation fluid that contains a few spermatozoa that may cause fertilization.

Oral Conception-

Also known as the pill, oral contraceptives contain synthetic estrogen and progesterone. Estrogen suppresses the Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and LH to prevent ovulation.

Transdermal Patch-

contains both estrogen and progesterone. The woman should apply one patch every week for three weeks on the following areas: upper outer arm, upper torso, abdomen, or buttocks.

Male Condoms-

is a latex or synthetic rubber sheath that is placed on the erect male reproductive organ before penetration

Female Condoms-

made of latex rubber sheaths that are pre-lubricated with spermicide. They usually bound by two rings.

Hormonal Injections-

contains medroxyprogesterone, usually given once every 12 weeks. The injection causes changes in endometrium and cervical mucus and can help prevent ovulation

Surgical Methods-

During vasectomy, a small incision made on each side of the scrotum. The vas deferens is then tied, cut, or plugged to block the passage of the sperm

In women, tubal ligation

is performed after menstruation and before ovulation. The procedure is done through small incision under the woman’s umbilicus that targets the fallopian tube for cutting, or blocking the passage of both the sperm and the ova.

THE MATERIAL SELF

❑Refers to the part of the self that is made up of material possessions ❑Includes everything that a person owns, such as their homes, car, clothes, jewelry, and other belongings ❑Often seen as an extension of the self, and people often feel a strong emotional connection to their possessions

materialism

❑Refers to a philosophical or worldwide perspective that places a high value on material possessions and physical matter

consumerism

❑Refers to a social and economic ideology that places a strong emphasis on the acquisition and consumption of goods and services for happiness and well-bein

The spiritual Self

❑Refers to the innermost essence or core of an individual that transcends the physical and material aspects of existence ❑Concerned with questions about the nature and reality, the meaning of life, and the existence of a higher power or divine presence

Aspects of the Spiritual Self

❑Spirituality ❑Religion ❑Animism

Spirituality

encompasses a personal and subjective exploration of one’s connection to something greater than oneself ❑Involves seeking, purpose, and transcendence in life and can be pursued outside the boundaries of organized religion

Religion

❑Refers to organized systems of beliefs, practices, and rituals that involve devotion to a deity, moral codes, and a structured community of believers ❑Emphasize the relationship between the self and the divine ❑The self is seen as a child of God (Christianity), a servant of God (Islam), part of the Brahman (Hindu), and as an illusion (Buddhism)

Animism

❑The belief that natural objects, animals, and phenomena possess spiritual essences or souls ❑The self is not confined to the boundaries of the physical body but extends to the broader web of life