English Language 9093 - Paper 3 - 1

Early Modern English

1500-1800, sudden and distinct change in pronunciation and inclusion of European lexis and the classical lexis of Latin and Greek

Graphology

the writing system of a language, as well as other visual elements on the page

Grammar

the rules for organising meaning in a language. Syntax is part of grammar.

Orthography

the part of language concerned with letters and spelling

Phonology

the pronunciation and sound patterns which affect understanding of words

Pragmatics

how the context in which words and phrases are used affects their meaning

Morphology

the structure of words with their meaning

lexis

the words of a language

semantics

the meaning of words

Syntax

the order of words in a sentence

Old English

language of Anglo-Saxon settlers until 1100CE, different in structure to modern English but modern English lexis is closely derived from Old English

Middle English

Spoken and written language after Norman invasion, developed into Early Modern English in approx. 1500

Great Vowel Shift

changes, that lasted 200 years from 1350CE onwards, in pronunciation of English, affecting vowels

Late Modern English

English from 1800CE till present day, change initiated by scientific and social developments and desire to establish rule of language