U.S. History Midterm: Reconstruction, Progressive Era, Imperialism, WWI, 1920s, Great Depression, New Deal

What was the purpose of Jim Crow?

To enforce racial segregation and maintain white supremacy after Reconstruction.

What was the purpose of Reconstruction?

To rebuild the South and integrate formerly enslaved people into society after the Civil War.

What did political machines do?

They controlled local politics by trading jobs, services, and favors for votes.

Who led Tammany Hall in NYC?

William 'Boss' Tweed.

What was the Populist movement and who made it up?

A movement of farmers who wanted government reforms to help rural and working people.

What was Rockefeller known for?

Oil (Standard Oil).

What was Carnegie known for?

Steel.

Why did most immigrants move to cities?

Because cities offered factory jobs and more opportunities.

How did urban transportation affect cities?

It allowed cities to expand outward and created suburbs.

What was the Chinese Exclusion Act?

A law banning Chinese immigration; passed in 1882.

What is Jane Addams known for?

Founded Hull House; helped immigrants and the urban poor.

What is Social Darwinism?

The belief that competition determines success; used to justify capitalism and imperialism.

What was the NAACP and its goals?

A civil rights organization fighting segregation and discrimination through courts.

What was Booker T. Washington's approach to ending racism?

Focused on vocational education and economic self-reliance before demanding equality.

How are the Interstate Commerce Act and Granger Movement connected?

Both aimed to regulate railroad rates to protect farmers.

What was the purpose of How the Other Half Lives?

To expose poor living conditions and push for reform.

Who were the Progressives?

Reformers who wanted to fix problems caused by industrialization.

What is collective bargaining?

Negotiations between workers (unions) and employers for better conditions.

What law did The Jungle lead to?

The Meat Inspection Act and Pure Food and Drug Act.

What is a muckraker?

Journalists exposing corruption.

Who is an example of a muckraker?

Upton Sinclair, Ida Tarbell, Jacob Riis.

What is Eugene V. Debs known for?

Leading labor unions and running for president as a Socialist.

What is Recall?

Remove elected officials.

What is Initiative?

Propose laws.

What is Referendum?

Vote on laws.

What is Direct Primary?

Voters choose candidates.

How did WWI help women gain suffrage?

Women's war work proved they deserved voting rights.

Who was the president known for trust-busting?

Theodore Roosevelt.

What party was founded by Theodore Roosevelt?

Progressive (Bull Moose) Party.

Why was the Federal Reserve Act important?

It created a national banking system to control money and credit.

What did the Clayton Anti-Trust Act do?

Strengthened laws against monopolies and protected labor unions.

What was the Great Migration?

African Americans moving north to escape segregation.

What was Yellow Journalism?

Sensational, exaggerated news to sell papers.

What was Alfred Mahan's concern about the Navy?

The U.S. needed a strong navy to be a world power.

What territories were gained from the Spanish-American War?

Puerto Rico, Guam, Philippines.

What did the Platt Amendment do?

Gave the U.S. control over Cuba's affairs.

What is the Big Stick Policy?

U.S. would use force if needed and intervene in Latin America.

What is Isolationism?

Avoiding foreign conflicts; common in U.S. history.

What started WWI?

The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand.

Who were the Major Allied Powers?

Britain, France, Russia (later U.S.).

Who were the Major Central Powers?

Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire.

Why was the Lusitania sinking important?

It turned U.S. opinion against Germany.

Who was the president during WWI?

Woodrow Wilson.

What was Woodrow Wilson's peace plan?

Fourteen Points.

What type of warfare was used on the Western Front?

Trench warfare.

What were the Espionage & Sedition Acts?

Laws limiting speech during WWI; violated free speech.

What new technologies spread culture in the 1920s?

Radio, movies, automobiles.

Why was The Jazz Singer important?

It was the first movie with sound.

How did automobiles change America?

Created suburbs, highways, and new industries.

What is installment buying?

Buying on credit; boosted economy but caused debt.

What fueled consumer spending in the 1920s?

Credit and mass production.

What was the Red Scare?

Fear of communism.

What did the Emergency Quota Act of 1921 do?

Limited immigration.

What was the Sacco and Vanzetti case?

Controversial trial influenced by anti-immigrant bias.

What was Prohibition?

Ban on alcohol; led to organized crime.

What was the Scopes Trial about?

Debate over teaching evolution.

What was the significance of the Harlem Renaissance?

Celebrated African American culture and arts.

What is the 'Lost Generation'?

Writers disillusioned after WWI.

Who is the author of The Great Gatsby?

F. Scott Fitzgerald.

What were the causes of the Great Depression?

Stock market crash, overproduction, bank failures.

What was the problem with banks before the FDIC?

No insurance; people lost savings.

What was a Hooverville?

Shantytowns of the homeless.

How did the Hawley-Smoot Tariff hurt the economy?

Reduced trade and worsened the Depression.

What area was affected by the Dust Bowl?

Great Plains.

What did the New Deal show?

Government would intervene in the economy.

What was Woodrow Wilson's foreign policy?

Moral diplomacy.

What policy expanded the Monroe Doctrine?

Roosevelt Corollary.

What was the goal of the Panama Canal?

Faster trade and naval movement.

How did acquiring the Philippines affect the economy?

Opened new markets and trade.

What was the cause of the Spanish-American War?

Sinking of the USS Maine.

What did the AAA program do?

Helped farmers.

What did the CCC program provide?

Jobs for young men.

What did the SEC do?

Regulated stocks.

What did the FLSA establish?

Minimum wage & hours.

What is Social Security?

Aid for elderly.

What did the FDIC do?

Insured bank deposits.

What did the TVA provide?

Electricity & jobs.

What did the WPA do?

Provided public jobs.

What did the NRA set?

Wages & prices.