What does rotation mean?
Move around on an axis (like turning head from side to side)
What is ATP?
Adenosine triphosphate/ chemical energy in cells
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What does rotation mean?
Move around on an axis (like turning head from side to side)
What is ATP?
Adenosine triphosphate/ chemical energy in cells
What does the biceps brachii do
Muscle that flexes the forearm
A buildup of this substance is caused by working out without rest
lactic acid
The muscle primarily responsible for the movement of the bone is
Agonist
Tibialis Anterior does what?
Allows for the flexion of the foot
What are tendons?
cords that attach muscles to bones
Rectus abdominis
abdominal muscle that runs in the superior/inferior direction
What is the fascia
connective tissue which surrounds muscle of a muscle fiber
What muscle controls the lips
orbicularis oris
What does the latissimus dorsi do
the muscle of the back that allows for the adduction of the arms
What is the organelle of the muscular fiber that stores calcium?
Sarcoplamic reticulum
Fascia location
covers muscles
fascia/ tendon/ aponeurosis components
DCT, BY, lymphatic vessels, nerves
tendon location
Connects muscle to bone
aponeurosis location
connects muscles with each other
Organization of a muscle big to small
fascia, fascicle, muscle fibers/myocytes, miofibril, myofilaments
What is fascia
DCT on the outside of a muscle
what is fascicle
subunits of a muscle
what is muscle fibers/ myocyte
muscle cells
what are myofibril
basic unit of a muscle cell- made up of actin, myosin, tropmyosim, troponin, myosin
Broad sheet of connective tissue that covers a muscle
fascia
Dense connective tissue that connects bone to bone.
ligaments
Dense connective tissue that connects muscle to muscle.
fascicle
Dense connective tissue that connects bone to muscle
tendon
A small bundle of muscle fibers.
aponeurosis
Membranous channels extending inward from muscle fiber membrane inside of the sarcoplasmic reticulum
t-tubule
Cytoplasm of a muscle fiber
Sarcoplasm
Sacs at the end of the sarcoplasmic reticulum that store calcium.
Cisternae
Brain of the cell; contains DNA
Nucleus
Cell membrane of a muscle fiber
Sarcolemma
Unit of alternating light and dark striations between Z lines.
Sarcomere
Powerhouse of the cell; produces the ATP needed for muscle contraction
Mitochondrion
Cellular organelle in a muscle fiber corresponding to endoplasmic reticulum.
Sarcoplasmic reticulum
Protein found in thick myofibril
Myosin
Thin protein that binds to myosin when a muscle is contracting
Actin
Ion which moves troponin
Calcium
Protein which anchors tropomyosin in place when a muscle is relaxed
Troponin
Protein which blocks the binding site of actin when a muscle is relaxed
Tropomyosin
One motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it innervates is a(n) __________________
Motor unit
The neurolemma plus the sarcolemma make up the _______________________________________
Neuromuscular junction
______________________ separates the neuron form the muscle fiber.
Synaptic cleft
A neurotransmitter released by synaptic vesicle which stimulates skeletal muscle fibers to contract is called________________
Acetylcholine
The enzyme which breaks down acetylcholine thereby ending the skeletal muscle stimulation is called______________
Acetylcholine esterase
Ion which causes the depolarization of the neurolemma and sarcolemma is ______
Sodium
Ion which causes the repolarization of the neurolemma and sarcolemma. _______
K
Enzyme that can break down ATP to ADP, releasing energy. It is part of the myosin head.______________________
ATPase
Myofibril which anchors tropomyosin over binding site of actin. _________
Troponin
Myofibril which block the binding site of actin during muscular relaxation_______
Tropomyosin
Myofibril which binds to actin when a muscle is contracting is _____________
Myosin
Ion which binds to troponin causing it to pull tropomyosin off binding site of actin making actin available for myosin cross bridging is. _______
Ca
The molecule used to synthesize ATP from ADP in the muscle cell is _________________
Creatine phosphate
The muscle pigment which binds oxygen therefore reducing the need for a continuous supply of oxygen during contraction is called________
Myoglobin
C6H12O6 ___name ___________
Glucose
Anaerobically glucose is broken down to___________
Pyruvic acid
Process in which glucose is broken down to pyruvic acid producing 4 ATP's is called.____
Glycolysis
During strenuous exercise oxygen pyruvic acid is converted to ____________________ anaerobically
Lactic acid
The type of cellular respiration that does require oxygen is called._____________
Aerobic respiration
Lactic acid diffuses out of the muscle fiber and is converted by the liver to _________ if oxygen and ATP are available.
Glucose
If lactic acid accumulates it causes muscle fatigue ; oxygen is used primarily to synthesize_____
ATP
Complete metabolism of glucose results in production of_____________
38 ATPs
C3H6O3 name ______________
Pyruvic acid
During glycolysis____________ ATPs are produced and __________ATPs are used
4; 2
During the Citric acid (Krebs) Cycle and ETC ________ ATPs are produced and ______ATPs are used
34; 2
A single muscle response to single stimulus is called a________
Muscle twitch
The lag between the time a muscle is stimulated and the beginning of its response is called the____
Latent period
The period of muscle twitch during which myosin and actin bind is called the _____________
Contraction period
The period of muscle twitch during which calcium ions are repackaged in cisternae and tropomyosin blocks binding site of actin ___
Relaxation period
What is the neurotransmitter that causes skeletal muscle to contract?
a. norepinephrine
b. acetylcholine
c. ATPase
d. none of these
b
Myofibrils are made up of
a. myofilaments
b. calcitonin
c. PTH
d. none of these
a
The channels of a skeletal muscle cell that allow calcium to travel deep into a muscle fiber are called
a. mitochondrion
b. T-tubules
c. cisternae
d. sarcoplasm
b
The amount of oxygen needed to support the conversion of lactic acid to glucose is called the
a. CO2 debt
b. N2 debt
c. oxygen debt
d. none of these
c
Fascia is white and is made up of
a. loose connective tissue
b. dense loose connective tissue
c. vascular tissue
d. nervous tissue
b
The type of stimulus necessary to elicit a response is called
a. subthreshold stimulus
b. threshold stimulus
b
ATP is the energy currency of
a. neurons
b. muscle cell
c. endocrine cell
d. all cells
e
ATP is produced in the
a. nucleus
b. mitochondrion
c. t-tubule
d. SR
b
ATP it is needed in muscle contraction to repackage ________________ in the cisternae
a. Ca
b. Na
c. K
d. Mg
a
ATP is needed to transport sodium ________ the cell and ________ the cell.
Into; out of
All of the following are the components of the sarcoplasmic reticulum except for
a. T-tubules
b. cisternae
c. Ca
d. nucleus
d
What is the origin, insertion, and action of the Orbicularis oculi
Frontal bone Skin around eye Close eyelid
What is the origin, insertion, and action of the Frontalis
Frontal bone Epicranial aponeurosis Raise eyebrows
What is the origin, insertion, and action of the Orbicularis oris
Muscles near the mouth Skin of the lips Close lips
What is the origin, insertion, and action of the Zygomaticus
Zygomatic bone Corner of mouth Smiling
What is the origin, insertion, and action of the Rectus abominus
Pubic crest symphis pubis Xiphoid process of sternum Tense abdominal wall
What is the origin, insertion, and action of the Sternocleidomastoid
Sternum and clavicle Temporal bone Elevate clavicle and sternum
What is the origin, insertion, and action of the Serratus anterior
Outer surface of ribs Ventral surface of scapulae Pulls scapulae front and downward
What is the origin, insertion, and action of the Rhomboideus
Spinous process of Vertebrae T3,4,5,6 Medial border of scapulae Elevate and adduct Scapulae
What is the origin, insertion, and action of the Trapezius
Occipital bone Clavicle and spine of scapulae Rotate the scapula
What is the origin, insertion, and action of the Levator scapulae
Transverse process of vertebrae C1,2,3,4 Superior angle of scapulae Lifts scapulae
What is the origin, insertion, and action of the Tensor fascia latae
Anterior iliac crest Fascia covering vastus lateralis Flexes the thigh
What is the origin, insertion, and action of the Psoas major
Lumbar intervertebral disks Lesser trochanter (top) Of femur Flexes the thigh
What is the origin, insertion, and action of the Iliacus
Iliac crest Lesser trochanter (top) Or femur Flexes the thigh
What is the origin, insertion, and action of the Rectus femoris
Anterior iliac spine patella Extend leg at the knee
What is the origin, insertion, and action of the Gluteus maximus
Sacrum, coccyx, post. Surface of ilium Posterior surface of femur Extend leg at hip
What is the origin, insertion, and action of the Peroneus brevis/longus
Head of fibula Dorsal surface of 5th metatarsal Dorsal flexion and Eversion of foot
What is the origin, insertion, and action of the tibialis anterior
Runs along tibia Tarsals and 1st metatarsal Dorsal flexion and Inversion of foot
Flexion
narrowing joint angle (bending elbow)
extension
increasing joint angle (straightening elbow)
hypertention
increasing angle more than in natural position (bending backwards)
Abduction
lifting body part away from body midline (in frontal plane)