Muscular System Diagram | Quizlet

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What does rotation mean?

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Move around on an axis (like turning head from side to side)

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What is ATP?

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Adenosine triphosphate/ chemical energy in cells

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107 Terms

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What does rotation mean?

Move around on an axis (like turning head from side to side)

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What is ATP?

Adenosine triphosphate/ chemical energy in cells

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What does the biceps brachii do

Muscle that flexes the forearm

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A buildup of this substance is caused by working out without rest

lactic acid

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The muscle primarily responsible for the movement of the bone is

Agonist

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Tibialis Anterior does what?

Allows for the flexion of the foot

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What are tendons?

cords that attach muscles to bones

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Rectus abdominis

abdominal muscle that runs in the superior/inferior direction

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What is the fascia

connective tissue which surrounds muscle of a muscle fiber

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What muscle controls the lips

orbicularis oris

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What does the latissimus dorsi do

the muscle of the back that allows for the adduction of the arms

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What is the organelle of the muscular fiber that stores calcium?

Sarcoplamic reticulum

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Fascia location

covers muscles

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fascia/ tendon/ aponeurosis components

DCT, BY, lymphatic vessels, nerves

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tendon location

Connects muscle to bone

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aponeurosis location

connects muscles with each other

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Organization of a muscle big to small

fascia, fascicle, muscle fibers/myocytes, miofibril, myofilaments

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What is fascia

DCT on the outside of a muscle

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what is fascicle

subunits of a muscle

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what is muscle fibers/ myocyte

muscle cells

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what are myofibril

basic unit of a muscle cell- made up of actin, myosin, tropmyosim, troponin, myosin

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Broad sheet of connective tissue that covers a muscle

fascia

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Dense connective tissue that connects bone to bone.

ligaments

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Dense connective tissue that connects muscle to muscle.

fascicle

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Dense connective tissue that connects bone to muscle

tendon

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A small bundle of muscle fibers.

aponeurosis

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Membranous channels extending inward from muscle fiber membrane inside of the sarcoplasmic reticulum

t-tubule

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Cytoplasm of a muscle fiber

Sarcoplasm

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Sacs at the end of the sarcoplasmic reticulum that store calcium.

Cisternae

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Brain of the cell; contains DNA

Nucleus

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Cell membrane of a muscle fiber

Sarcolemma

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Unit of alternating light and dark striations between Z lines.

Sarcomere

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Powerhouse of the cell; produces the ATP needed for muscle contraction

Mitochondrion

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Cellular organelle in a muscle fiber corresponding to endoplasmic reticulum.

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

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Protein found in thick myofibril

Myosin

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Thin protein that binds to myosin when a muscle is contracting

Actin

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Ion which moves troponin

Calcium

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Protein which anchors tropomyosin in place when a muscle is relaxed

Troponin

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Protein which blocks the binding site of actin when a muscle is relaxed

Tropomyosin

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One motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it innervates is a(n) __________________

Motor unit

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The neurolemma plus the sarcolemma make up the _______________________________________

Neuromuscular junction

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______________________ separates the neuron form the muscle fiber.

Synaptic cleft

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A neurotransmitter released by synaptic vesicle which stimulates skeletal muscle fibers to contract is called________________

Acetylcholine

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The enzyme which breaks down acetylcholine thereby ending the skeletal muscle stimulation is called______________

Acetylcholine esterase

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Ion which causes the depolarization of the neurolemma and sarcolemma is ______

Sodium

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Ion which causes the repolarization of the neurolemma and sarcolemma. _______

K

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Enzyme that can break down ATP to ADP, releasing energy. It is part of the myosin head.______________________

ATPase

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Myofibril which anchors tropomyosin over binding site of actin. _________

Troponin

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Myofibril which block the binding site of actin during muscular relaxation_______

Tropomyosin

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Myofibril which binds to actin when a muscle is contracting is _____________

Myosin

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Ion which binds to troponin causing it to pull tropomyosin off binding site of actin making actin available for myosin cross bridging is. _______

Ca

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The molecule used to synthesize ATP from ADP in the muscle cell is _________________

Creatine phosphate

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The muscle pigment which binds oxygen therefore reducing the need for a continuous supply of oxygen during contraction is called________

Myoglobin

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C6H12O6 ___name ___________

Glucose

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Anaerobically glucose is broken down to___________

Pyruvic acid

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Process in which glucose is broken down to pyruvic acid producing 4 ATP's is called.____

Glycolysis

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During strenuous exercise oxygen pyruvic acid is converted to ____________________ anaerobically

Lactic acid

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The type of cellular respiration that does require oxygen is called._____________

Aerobic respiration

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Lactic acid diffuses out of the muscle fiber and is converted by the liver to _________ if oxygen and ATP are available.

Glucose

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If lactic acid accumulates it causes muscle fatigue ; oxygen is used primarily to synthesize_____

ATP

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Complete metabolism of glucose results in production of_____________

38 ATPs

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C3H6O3 name ______________

Pyruvic acid

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During glycolysis____________ ATPs are produced and __________ATPs are used

4; 2

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During the Citric acid (Krebs) Cycle and ETC ________ ATPs are produced and ______ATPs are used

34; 2

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A single muscle response to single stimulus is called a________

Muscle twitch

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The lag between the time a muscle is stimulated and the beginning of its response is called the____

Latent period

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The period of muscle twitch during which myosin and actin bind is called the _____________

Contraction period

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The period of muscle twitch during which calcium ions are repackaged in cisternae and tropomyosin blocks binding site of actin ___

Relaxation period

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What is the neurotransmitter that causes skeletal muscle to contract?

a. norepinephrine

b. acetylcholine

c. ATPase

d. none of these

b

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Myofibrils are made up of

a. myofilaments

b. calcitonin

c. PTH

d. none of these

a

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The channels of a skeletal muscle cell that allow calcium to travel deep into a muscle fiber are called

a. mitochondrion

b. T-tubules

c. cisternae

d. sarcoplasm

b

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The amount of oxygen needed to support the conversion of lactic acid to glucose is called the

a. CO2 debt

b. N2 debt

c. oxygen debt

d. none of these

c

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Fascia is white and is made up of

a. loose connective tissue

b. dense loose connective tissue

c. vascular tissue

d. nervous tissue

b

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The type of stimulus necessary to elicit a response is called

a. subthreshold stimulus

b. threshold stimulus

b

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ATP is the energy currency of

a. neurons

b. muscle cell

c. endocrine cell

d. all cells

e

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ATP is produced in the

a. nucleus

b. mitochondrion

c. t-tubule

d. SR

b

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ATP it is needed in muscle contraction to repackage ________________ in the cisternae

a. Ca

b. Na

c. K

d. Mg

a

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ATP is needed to transport sodium ________ the cell and ________ the cell.

Into; out of

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All of the following are the components of the sarcoplasmic reticulum except for

a. T-tubules

b. cisternae

c. Ca

d. nucleus

d

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What is the origin, insertion, and action of the Orbicularis oculi

Frontal bone Skin around eye Close eyelid

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What is the origin, insertion, and action of the Frontalis

Frontal bone Epicranial aponeurosis Raise eyebrows

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What is the origin, insertion, and action of the Orbicularis oris

Muscles near the mouth Skin of the lips Close lips

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What is the origin, insertion, and action of the Zygomaticus

Zygomatic bone Corner of mouth Smiling

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What is the origin, insertion, and action of the Rectus abominus

Pubic crest symphis pubis Xiphoid process of sternum Tense abdominal wall

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What is the origin, insertion, and action of the Sternocleidomastoid

Sternum and clavicle Temporal bone Elevate clavicle and sternum

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What is the origin, insertion, and action of the Serratus anterior

Outer surface of ribs Ventral surface of scapulae Pulls scapulae front and downward

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What is the origin, insertion, and action of the Rhomboideus

Spinous process of Vertebrae T3,4,5,6 Medial border of scapulae Elevate and adduct Scapulae

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What is the origin, insertion, and action of the Trapezius

Occipital bone Clavicle and spine of scapulae Rotate the scapula

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What is the origin, insertion, and action of the Levator scapulae

Transverse process of vertebrae C1,2,3,4 Superior angle of scapulae Lifts scapulae

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What is the origin, insertion, and action of the Tensor fascia latae

Anterior iliac crest Fascia covering vastus lateralis Flexes the thigh

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What is the origin, insertion, and action of the Psoas major

Lumbar intervertebral disks Lesser trochanter (top) Of femur Flexes the thigh

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What is the origin, insertion, and action of the Iliacus

Iliac crest Lesser trochanter (top) Or femur Flexes the thigh

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What is the origin, insertion, and action of the Rectus femoris

Anterior iliac spine patella Extend leg at the knee

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What is the origin, insertion, and action of the Gluteus maximus

Sacrum, coccyx, post. Surface of ilium Posterior surface of femur Extend leg at hip

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What is the origin, insertion, and action of the Peroneus brevis/longus

Head of fibula Dorsal surface of 5th metatarsal Dorsal flexion and Eversion of foot

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What is the origin, insertion, and action of the tibialis anterior

Runs along tibia Tarsals and 1st metatarsal Dorsal flexion and Inversion of foot

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Flexion

narrowing joint angle (bending elbow)

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extension

increasing joint angle (straightening elbow)

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hypertention

increasing angle more than in natural position (bending backwards)

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Abduction

lifting body part away from body midline (in frontal plane)