Chem Naming Molecules Flashcards

What is a covalent bond

A bond between two non metals

How to name covalents

1st part: write complete name with correct prefix based on subscript (never use prefix mono on first)

2nd part: write name with correct prefix and change end to ide

Prefixes for covalents

Mono- 1

Di- 2

Tri- 3

Tetra- 4

Penta- 5

Hexa- 6

Hepta- 7

Octa- 8

Nona- 9

Deca- 10

2 Covalents with common names

H2O- dihydrogen monoxide (water)

NH3- nitrogen trihydride (ammonia)

Writing formulas for covalents

Write symbol of first element and add subscript. Write symbol of second element and add subscript. Do not reduce subscripts.

2 types of acids

Binary acids: do not contain oxygen, start name with hydro

Oxy acids: contains oxygen, start with root of anion

How to name acids based on the anion name

If it ends with ide- change to ic (ex. HCl is binary so chloride becomes hydrochloric acid)

If it ends with ite- change to ous (ex. HClO2 is oxy so chlorite becomes chlorous acid)

If it ends with ate- change to ic (ex. HClO3 is oxy so chlorate becomes chloric acid)

Acronyms for naming acids

I’de guess aquaman is hydroic

Sprite is delicious

I ate something icky

Writing formulas for acids

Name allows you to determine that the anion that is part of the acid formula. Nitrous acid would be H (always put H first), NO2 because ous would mean the original ending was ite so nitrite. If there was a charge, that number would be added to the H to balance out. This means that if the original was SO3^-2 it would become H2So3

What is a hydrocarbon

Contains only hydrogen and carbons

What are the three types of hydrocarbons?

Alkanes, alkenes, alkynes

Alkanes

Contain only single bonds. Formula is (CnH2n+2). Always end with ane, start with a prefix.

Alkenes

Contain double bonds. Formula is (CnH2n). Always end with ene, start with a prefix. Unsaturated with double or triple bonds, saturated with only single bonds.

Alkynes

Contain triple bonds. Formula is (CnH2n-2). Always end with yne.

Which prefixes stay the same for hydrocarbons and which ones change?

The first four change. Meth- 1, Eth- 2, Prop- 3, But- 4. The others remain the same as covalents.

Straight chain hydrocarbons

One carbon linked to the next

Cyclic hydrocarbons

Form a ring. Always a form of alkanes (end with ane). Add prefix cyclo to name. Count number of carbons and name with normal prefix. Cyclopropane is C3H6.

Naming alcohols

Drop the ane off the parent alkane and add -anol ending. Ethane becomes ethanol. Formula is (CnH2n+1OH)