Alcohol and Phenol SIDENOTES

OPSIN

universal photoreceptor molecules of all visual systems in the animal kingdom

Fomepizole (Antizol ®)

antidote for MeOH/ ethylene glycol poisoning

Disulfiram (Antabuse ®)

used in the treatment of alcohol use disorders by producing unpleasant side effects and sensitivity to alcohol. It is designed as a deterrent to drinking.

Antiseptic

prevent the growth of disease-causing microorganisms.

NAD +

• Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide

ELECTRON ACCEPTOR, carries hydrogen and converted into NADH

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) + hydrogen (H).

NADH stands for

Reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)

is an essential ELECTRON DONOR in all organisms.

70% isopropyl alcohol

most commonly used disinfectant in pharmaceutical industries

Poly(ethylene glycols or PEGs)

ETHYLENE GLYCOL

have been utilized in various forms in pharmaceutical preparations for many years.

• They are used as additives to creams, as solubilizing agents, and as components of injectable formulations.

Glycerol

prevent the drying of creams and ointments even in cough syrups to help prevent irritation in throats.

Primary alcohols

can be oxidized to aldehydes or further oxidized to carboxylic acids.

Secondary alcohols

easily oxidized without breaking carbon-carbon bonds only as far as the ketone stage. No further oxidation is seen except under very stringent conditions.

Tertiary alcohols

cannot be oxidized at all without breaking carbon-carbon bonds

Chromic Acid

Strong

• natalon like the primary alcohol acid agad hindi na na aldehyde

Pyridinium chlorochromate

• often abbreviated PCC,

• is a milder oxidant than chromic acid and oxidizes most primary alcohols to aldehydes.

concentrated sulfuric acid

Strong dehydrating acid

Phenols

Simplest member, monohydroxybenzene

• Also known as benzenol or carbolic acid

Poison ivy

Toxicodendron radicans