10/01 taxes, babies, fertility

green tax

tax on environmentally harmful actions

green taxes are

reimburesements

impact fee example

impact fees imposed on pennsylvania gas drillers as an example

Subsidy is a

government giveaway of money or resources that is intended to support or promote an industry or activity

Fossil Fuels industries receive ______ of US energy subsidies

majority

Emissions trading

government creates a market of permits for the emission of pollutants

Cap and Trade 

buy and sell permits, financial incentive to reduce number of permits

Many municipalities charge residents for waste disposal for the amount

they generate

Rebates may also be given to residents who buy

high efficiency appliances

Thomas Malthus 1798

essay on principle of pop. said that we all gonna, dead wrong, advocated for abstinence and contraception.

enrlihn + Holden pop bomb

environmental impact model 

I = p times A times T

Poverty Vs Affluence AND

Developing VS Developed

UN defines this according to ______

degree of industrialization

poor:

premature deaths

lack of healthcare

lack of clean water

lack of sanitation

malnutrition

night soil

human feces

culture carrying capacity

reasonable comfort + freedom

Pop Change

( births + immigration ) - (deaths + emmigration)

birth rate ( rude birth rate )

number of births per 1000 people in a given year

fertility rate;

number of children born to a woman in her life

Total Fertility rate (weird)

number of children born to woman in a population during her “reproduction years”

replacement level fertility rate

average number of children a couple must have to replace themselves.

Developed: 2.5

Developing: 2.1

factors that affect TFR

cost of raising and educating children

importance of children as labor force

availability of pension systems

average age of marriage

availability of legal abortion and birth control

infant mortality

number of children before 1000 that die before 1st birthday

overall health of people in a country

life expectancy

average number of years newborn infant can expect to live