Comprehensive Overview of Social Welfare, Child and Community Services in Canada

What is a welfare state?

A system of government where the state actively protects and advances the social well-being of its citizens.

What principles is the welfare state based on?

Principles of equality, opportunity, and redistribution of wealth.

Name three countries that have welfare states.

Britain, Canada, and Germany.

What are social services?

Non-monetary personal or community services such as housing, daycare, and crisis intervention.

What is income security?

Income support provided through social insurance, social assistance, or tax systems, which can be unconditional or based on needs.

What does economic survival refer to in the context of social welfare?

Challenges like retirement, unemployment, decreasing income, and rising prices.

What is the integrity of the person in social welfare?

It includes issues like disability, illness, violence, homelessness, and discrimination.

What are social policies?

Overall rules, regulations, and laws that set the framework for state social welfare activity.

What distinguishes public welfare services from private welfare services?

Public welfare services are government-funded, while private welfare services are funded by charitable contributions or fees.

What is the residual view of social welfare?

Social welfare should be targeted only to those in need when all else fails.

What is the institutional view of social welfare?

Social welfare exists to ensure everyone has a reasonable standard of living and health.

What are universal programs in social welfare?

Programs available to everyone in a specific category, regardless of income.

What are selective programs in social welfare?

Programs targeting those in need based on means or needs tests.

What is direct social work?

Working face-to-face with individuals to provide services like counseling and community development.

What is indirect social work?

Working with organizations to formulate, analyze, and evaluate social policies and programs.

What does micro social work focus on?

Individuals and families or small groups to promote healthy functioning and social relationships.

What is the role of a case worker?

A practitioner providing one-on-one counseling with individuals or families.

What is the social change and social justice mandate in social work?

To work in solidarity with disadvantaged individuals to eliminate barriers and injustices.

What is the person-in-environment perspective in social work?

Examining the relationship of individuals within their broader environment, including social and economic factors.

What are the three main aspects of empowerment in social work?

Making power explicit, giving clients control, and supporting clients in understanding power relationships.

What is the role of an advocate in social work?

To provide leadership in advocating for individuals or challenging institutional decisions.

What is the significance of the 2005 code of ethics by the Canadian Association of Social Workers?

It established ethical standards for social work practice in Canada.

What is the purpose of social programs?

Specific initiatives that implement social welfare policies.

What type of organizations are mandated to provide services not-for-profit?

Non-profit organizations that receive funds from government levels.

What is the role of a facilitator in social work?

To lead group activities as part of therapy or support groups.

What is the role of a researcher in social work?

To gather information and stay updated on findings relevant to social work practice.

How many universities in Canada offer degrees in social work?

35 universities offer degrees.

What is the requirement for social work schools regarding indigenous classes as of 2015?

All schools must include mandatory indigenous classes at the Bachelor's and Master's levels.

What are the seven key values of the Code of Ethics in social work?

Respecting the dignity and worth of all people, promoting social justice, pursuing truth and reconciliation, valuing human relationships, preserving integrity in professional practice, maintaining privacy and confidentiality, and providing competent professional services.

What are the three types of symptoms of stress?

Intrusion symptoms (reoccurring dreams, repetitive thoughts), avoidance symptoms (social isolation, avoidance of high stress situations), and arousal symptoms (anxiety and irritability).

What is compassion fatigue?

Anxiety resulting from emotionally difficult cases under increased workplace pressure and increased workloads.

What are the key needs social workers must be aware of?

Awareness of self, needs, limits, coping mechanisms, and triggers; balance and boundaries between work and personal life; and consultation and connection when in doubt.

What was the purpose of the Charity Organization Society formed in 1869?

To provide material relief to the poor while preventing dependency on handouts.

What does 'deserving poor' refer to?

Individuals considered to have good moral character and temporarily out of luck due to no fault of their own.

What does 'undeserving poor' refer to?

Individuals deemed lazy and morally degenerate, believed to be poor due to their own lack of effort.

What was the Factory Act of 1833?

Legislation that made it illegal for textile factories to employ children under 9 years old.

What is the Social Gospel Movement?

A movement that began in the 1880s advocating for a socially oriented church to improve living and labor conditions and promote social justice.

What major economic event occurred in 1929?

The Great Depression, which led to a significant increase in unemployment and economic hardship.

What was the Diagnostic Approach in social work?

An approach emphasizing understanding an individual's problems by referencing personal events in the client's early life.

What was the Functional Approach in social work?

An approach based on the belief that individuals can determine their own future directions in life with the assistance of a skilled worker.

What significant act was passed in 1956 in Canada?

The Unemployment Act, which provided federal assistance to provinces.

What is the purpose of the Canadian Association of Social Workers (CASW)?

To regulate those with social work titles and promote the profession.

What is the Canadian Association of Social Work Education (CASWE)?

An organization established to advance the standards, effectiveness, and relevance of social work education and scholarships.

What does Neoliberalism advocate for?

Support for extensive privatization, deregulation, free trade, and reductions in government spending to enhance the role of the private sector in the economy.

Who was Jane Addams?

A pioneer in the settlement house movement, known for her work in social reform and community service.

What is 'oppositional consciousness'?

The attitudes and dispositions of members within a dominated community to challenge injustice and oppression.

What are 'free spaces' in the context of social movements?

Geographically segregated spaces that provide an environment for members of an oppressed group to strengthen their shared identity and develop social movements.

What is the focus of social work theory?

To explain, understand, and predict human behavior in various socioeconomic and cultural contexts, identifying patterns to guide interventions.

What are foundational theories in social work?

General explanations about the underlying makeup and workings of society, focusing on personality, behavior, and social relationships.

Which disciplines contribute to foundational theories in social work?

Psychology, sociology, economics, political science, and allied health professions.

What is ecological theory in social work?

Emphasizes interrelationships between individuals and their immediate environment.

What does cognitive theory focus on?

Psychotherapy, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, and mindfulness, rooted in Freud's psychodynamic perspective.

What is systems theory in social work?

Focuses on the workings of wide social systems and structures, including individual, microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem, and macrosystem.

What is structural theory?

Emphasizes the links between clients' feelings and behaviors and the structural aspects of larger society, focusing on social class, race, gender, and ability.

What does critical theory analyze?

Socio-economic structures that oppress or exploit people, advocating for empowerment and social transformation.

What is anti-oppressive theory?

A cluster of theories aimed at understanding and responding to oppressive social conditions and relationships.

What is the goal of generalist social work practice?

Facilitates access to resources, provides case management, advocates for clients, and engages in activism.

What is empowerment in social work?

The process of increasing an individual's or group's capacity to make choices and transform these choices into desired actions.

What is the significance of worldview in social work?

It refers to the overall perspective from which individuals see, experience, and interpret the world.

What is the Functional Practice Model?

Emphasizes the client's role in directing change, introduced by Jesse Taft and Virginia Robinson in 1930.

What is the Client-Centered Practice Model?

Based on the idea that clients are experts in understanding and resolving their own problems, influenced by humanism.

What does the Rational-Emotive Practice Model emphasize?

The interaction between cognition, emotions, and behavior, focusing on changing a client's emotional state.

What is Strengths-Based Practice?

Avoids pathologizing clients and helps them recognize their assets for personal growth.

What is Cognitive Behavioral Therapy?

Focuses on cognitive change as a means of supporting emotional and behavioral change.

What is mindfulness in social work practice?

Being present through attention and awareness in the moment without judgment.

What is Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction?

Aims to gain insight into stress patterns and reduce vulnerability to mental states for lasting emotional well-being.

What is Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy?

Developed to reduce relapse and recurrence of depression.

What is Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT)?

Originally created to help those with Borderline Personality Disorder, integrating behavioral therapy with mindfulness practices.

What is Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT)?

A wellness approach that alters the harmful effects of unwanted thoughts and feelings by modifying the psychological contexts in which they are experienced.

What is the Solutions-Focused Practice Model based on?

The belief that people have the necessary inner resources to resolve their problems and contribute to their own growth and change.

How does the Solutions-Focused Practice Model align with social work goals?

It emphasizes a strengths-based perspective, collaborative therapeutic relationships, client empowerment, resilience, and a systems perspective focusing on individual behavior context.

What are Scaling Questions in social work?

Questions that invite clients to measure and track their own experiences.

What is the purpose of Problem-Free Talk?

To uncover hidden resources that help the client relax and become proactive in tackling problems.

What do Exception-Seeking Questions encourage clients to do?

Identify times when the problem is less severe or absent.

What are Miracle Questions in therapy?

Questions that ask clients to describe what an ideal situation regarding their problem would look like.

What do Coping Questions focus on?

Times when the client successfully coped with their problem.

What do Relationship Questions explore?

How significant others may react to the solutions and changes the client is considering.

What is Narrative-Based Therapy?

A form of psychotherapy that helps people identify their values, skills, and knowledge to confront their problems.

What does Creative-Arts Therapy involve?

The use of visual art, music, dance, drama, and poetry to facilitate therapeutic goals.

What are the four primary theoretical orientations in contemporary art therapy?

Psychodynamic approaches, humanistic approaches, learning and developmental approaches, and family therapy approaches.

What is the focus of Play Therapy?

To help children express and explore their feelings and develop social skills through play.

What is Photo Voice Therapy?

A method that documents individual, family, and community realities through photographs to communicate experiences and knowledge.

What is Evidence-Based Practice in social work?

A process that combines well-researched interventions with clinical experience, ethics, and client preferences to guide service delivery.

What is Casework in social work?

Direct consideration of the problems, needs, and adjustments of an individual case, working collaboratively with the client.

What is a Helping Relationship in social work?

A collaborative effort between the social worker and client, characterized by deep listening and an emotional bond.

What is Reflection-Action-Reflection?

A process of reflecting on practice to make personal beliefs and biases more evident.

What are key skills for working with individuals and families in social work?

Active listening, interviewing, validating feelings, paraphrasing, clarifying, summarizing, giving information, interpreting, and building consensus.

What is Critical Self-Reflection?

Recognizing that a social worker's identity and beliefs are shaped by personal experiences and societal forces.

What are the stages of working with individuals and families in social work?

Intake stage, assessment and planning stage, intervention stage, and evaluation and termination stage.

What occurs during the Intake Stage?

Requests for services are made, and the social worker determines the type of services to be provided.

What is involved in the Assessment and Planning Stage?

Analyzing what help is needed based on the client's ideas, thoughts, and feelings, including problem definition and goal recommendations.

What happens during the Intervention Stage?

Actions are directed at clients or groups, establishing rapport, providing support, and adjusting interventions based on client feedback.

What is evaluated during the Evaluation and Termination Stage?

The choice of intervention, length of intervention, need for follow-up, and outcomes of the intervention.

What is Group Dynamics in social work?

The study of how people interact within a group, including communication patterns and group cohesion.

What is the difference between Open and Closed Groups?

Open Groups are available to anyone, while Closed Groups are specific to selected individuals with common characteristics.

What are the kinds of groups in social work?

Self-Help Groups, Educational Groups, Support/Therapeutic Groups, Task Groups, and Social Groups.

What are key Group Facilitation Skills?

Connecting, focusing on the process, cueing, supporting, blocking, and demonstrating social empathy.

What are the two main components of the Forming Stage in group work?

Planning the group and defining the purpose of the group.

What occurs during the Storming Stage of group work?

Conflict emerges within the group, and the facilitator establishes the tone and ground rules.

What happens in the Norming Stage of group work?

Group expectations become clearer, and members start working towards agreed-upon goals.