ASC 310 - Equine Respiratory System

Functions Of the Respiratory System

1. Draw Air Into Lungs
2. Transfer Oxygen
3. Acid/Base Regulation
4. Humidification
5. Thermoregulation
6. Defense Against Contaminants
7. Smell
8. Communication
9. Increase Abdominal Pressure

Which color is pointing to the **soft palate**?

Red

Which color is pointing to the **hard palate**?

Orange

Which color is pointing to the **nasal chamber**?

Yellow

Which color is pointing to the **nostril**?

Green

Which color is pointing to the **pharynx**?

Light Blue

Which color is pointing to the **esophagus**?

Dark Blue

Which color is point to the **trachea**?

Pink

Which color is pointing to the **larynx**?

Purple

Which color is pointing to the **epiglottis**?

Brown

How do the nasal cavity and the sinuses interact?

They help to humidify and warm air as well as filter out particulates.

Paper-like structures in the nose that have a lot of capillaries (very vascular) and help with transfer of water.

Nasal Tubinates

These cells are found in the horse’s nasal cavity containing olfactory receptors.

Epithelial Cells

Means Smell

Olfactory

Do olfactory messages cross diagonally into hemispheres of the brain?

No, if it goes in through the left nostril it will go to the left hemisphere of the brain. Sam with the right nostril will go to the right hemisphere.

Concentrating the air so that the horse can smell and detect pheromones.

Flehmen Response

Condition where the soft palate obstructs the airway during exercise. Common in horses, symptoms include coughing, gurgling, and poor performance. Treatment can include surgery or training modifications.

Dorsal Displacement of the Soft Palate

Which color is pointing to the **esophagus**?

Red

Which color is pointing to the **tracheal rings**?

Orange

Which color is pointing to the **trachea**?

Yellow

Which color is pointing to the **vocal fold (cord)**?

Green

Which color is pointing to the **arytenoid cartilage**?

Light Blue

Which color is pointing to the **wall of pharynx**?

Dark Blue

Which color is pointing to the **epiglottis**?

Pink

Which color is pointing to the **soft palate (cut)**?

Purple

What is image A picturing?

Resting

What is image B picturing?

Full Abduction During Exercise

What is image C picturing?

Asynchronism

What is image D picturing?

Laryngeal Hamiplegia (can not fully adduct)

Which color is pointing to the **lung**?

Red

Which color is pointing to the **basal border**?

Orange

Which color is pointing to the **trachea**?

Yellow

Which color is pointing to the **apex**?

Green

Which color is pointing to the **cardiac notch**?

Blue

Separates the thoracic cavity and the abdominal cavity. When it contracts, negative pressure is created inside the thorax, enabling air to come in.

Diaphragm

Which color is pointing to the **apex**?

Red

Which color is pointing to the **right apical lobe**?

Orange

Which color is pointing to the **trachea**?

Yellow

Which color is pointing to the **right main bronchus**?

Green

Which color is pointing to the **right caudal lobe**?

Light Blue

Which color is pointing to the **base**?

Blue

Which color is pointing to the **accessory lobe**?

Pink

Which color is pointing to the **left caudal lobe**?

Purple

Which color is pointing to the **left main bronchus**?

Brown

Which color is pointing to the **left apical lobe**?

Black

Where does gas-exchange occur in the airways?

Lower Airway ONLY - Alveoli

* Found in the lower airways of the horse
* Produce mucus
* Sweep particles and mucus back up the airways
* Found in trachea
* Push dust/particles back up the airway

Secretory Ciliated Epithelium

Are horses obligate nasal breathers…if so what does that mean?

Yes, horses can not breath through their mouth.

The amount of air inhaled and exhaled during normal breathing is called __________.

Tidal Volume

What can increase a horses tidal volume?

* Stretching Neck Out
* Nostrils Fully Dilated
* Larynx Fully Dilated
* Reduced Resistance to Airflow
* Can Dilate Trachea & Brachea

A respiratory disease in horses that causes narrowing of the airways, leading to difficulty breathing, coughing, and wheezing. It is commonly triggered by allergens like dust, mold, and pollen.

RAO - Recurrent Airway Obstruction