Ch 5 Tissues

tissues

Cells cluster together, perform a function

histogy

Study of tissues

four major types of tissues in the body

– Epithelial

– Connective

– Muscle

– Nervous

types of intercellular junctions

– Tight

– DESMOSOMES

– Gap

Image of intercellular junction table

three shapes of epithelial tissues

– Squamous (flat)

–cuboidal (cube shaped)

– Columnar (tall)

function of epithelial tissues

Protection, secretion, absorption, excretion

Location of epithelial tissues

Body cover surface, cover in line, internal organs, compose glands

layers of epithelial tissue

– Simple: one layer of cells

– Stratified: two or more layers of cells

– Pseudostratified: appears layered, but is not

simple squamous epithelial

– One layer, flat

– Diffusion sites: higher concentration to lower concentration

– Found in capillaries, walls of air secs

simple squamous, epithelial image

simple cuboid epithelial

– One layer, cube shape shaped

– Important for secretion and absorption

– Basement membrane between epithelia and connective tissue

– Found in kidney tubules and thyroid follicles

simple cuboidal, epithelial image

simple columnar epithelia

– One layer, tall

– Secret plus absorption

– Micro villa, absorbed by trapping things in increasing surface area

– Found in small intestines, uterus

simple columnar epithelia

Pseudostratified columnar epithelia

– Appears with layers, but just one, tall

– Celia increases surface area and trapped particles

– Protect protection from infection

– Nuclei not aligned

– Meet at basement membrane

– Lines respiratory passages

Pseudostratified columnar epithelia image

stratified squamous epithelia

– Multi layered, flat

– form a protective layer

– Start off at basement membrane as cuboidal squished at top

–line ovary cavities, vaginal, and anal

stratified squamous epithelial image

stratified cuboidal epithelia

– Multi layer, cube shape

– Protection

– Associated with glands: mammary, sweat, Salvatory, pancreas

stratified cuboidal epithelia image

stratified columnar epithelia

– Multi layer, tall

– Top column, bottom more cubodial

– Lines male, urethra and exocrine glands

stratified columnar epithelia image

transitional epithelia

– Changes shape under tension (stretched)

– Mini cell layers

– Elongated/cube shaped cells

– Urinary system: urinary bladder, urethra, ureters

two types of transitional epithelia

– Not stretched

– Stretch stretched

transitional epithelia image

glandular epithelium

Composed of cells that produce and secret substances into ducks or body fluid fluids

two types of glands in the body

– Endocrine glands

– Exocrine glands

endocrine glands

Secrete in a tissue fluid or blood

Exocrine glands

Secret into ducts that open onto a surface

two structural types of exocrine glands

– Unicellular

– Multicellular

unicellular exocrine gland

– Composed of one cell, such as a goblet cell(secret mucus)

multicellular exocrine glands

Composed of many cells: can be simple or compound: examples sweat, and Salvatory glands

six types of exocrine glands image

three types of exocrine granular secretions

– Merocrine gland

– APOCRINE gland

– Hollocrine gland

Image of exocrine granular secretions

connective tissues

– Function: bind, support, protect, fill spaces, source fats, produce blood cells

– Location: widely distributed through throughout the body

– Distinguishing characteristics good blood supply, further apart than epithelial cells with extra cellular matrix in between

categories of connective tissues

– Connective tissue proper

– Specialize connective tissues

three major cell types of connective tissues image

three major cell types of connective tissues

– fibroblasts

– Macrophages(histiocytes)

– Mast cells

fibroblast

– Star shaped, secret fibers in the extra cellular matrix

macrophages (histiocytes)

– Perform phagocytosis(eating)

– Important for immunity

mast cells

– Release heparin: prevents blood

–histamine: inflammatory response

fibroblast produced three types of fibers and connective tissue

1. Collagen fibers

2. Elastic (yellow) fibers

3. Reticular fibers

collagen fibers

– Thick, strong, main structural protein in body found in tendon/ligaments

elastic (yellow) fibers

– Very stretchy, can return to original shape

– Found in vocal cords and respiratory airways

reticular fibers

– Thin branches of collagen found in spleen/liver

Loose connective tissues

– Pure collagen, fibers than dense tissues

– Types: Areolar, adipose, reticular

dense connective tissue

– Contain abundant collagen fibers

– Types: dense regular, dense irregular, elastic

specialized connective tissue

– Cartilage

– Bone

– Blood

areolar connective tissues

– Thin delicate membranes

– Many fibroblasts

– Many collagen

– Elastic fiber

– between most epithelial to nourish them

areolar connective tissues image

adipose tissue

– Store fat

– Crowd out other cells

– Cushion certain areas (behind eyeballs, heart, liver)

– In between spaces of muscle muscles

adipose tissues image

reticular connective tissues

– Thin reticular fibers

– Part of the walls of your internal organ (liver or spleen)

particular connective tissues image

dense regular connective tissues

– Closely packed collagen fibers

– Find elastic fibers

– Very strong

– binds body parts together

– Found in tendons, ligaments, and dermis

– Poor blood supply/slow to heal

dense regular connective tissue image

dense irregular connective tissue

– Randomly organized, withstand tension from many directions

– found in dermis, around skeletal muscle muscles

dense irregular connective tissues image

elastic connective tissues

– A lot of elastic in collagen fibers

– Fibroblast

– Between bones of spinal column and walls of hollow organs

elastic connective tissues image

cartilage specialized connective tissues

– Hyaline cartilage

– Elastic cartilage

– Fibrocartilage

hyaline cartilage

– Most common type of cartilage

– Thin collagen fibers

– Found at end ends of joint/rib cage to expand

hyaline cartilage image

elastic cartilage

– lots of elastic fibers

– Very flexible

– Found in larynx, external ear

elastic cartilage image

fibrocartilage

– Tough

– Collagen fibers

– Absorbs shock, intervertebral discs, kneepads, pelvic girdle

fibrocartilage image

specialized connective tissue bone two types

1. compact

2. Spongy

compact bone tissue

– Thicker part of bone

– many osteons

osteons

– Cylindrical units that compose compact bone

spongy bone

– Inner part of bone

– Lighter

– Have small spaces

Specialized connective tissues: bone

– Suspended elements in plasma

– Consist of red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets

epithelial membranes

– Are composed of epithelial and connective tissues, cover body surfaces in line cavities

2 types of epithelial membranes

1. serous membrane

2. Mucous membrane

serous membranes

– Line cavities that do not open to the outside of the body

mucous membranes

– Line cavities that do open to the outside of the body. Example nasal

types of membranes

–cutaneous membrane

– Synovial membrane

cantaneous membrane

– Covers the surface of the body

synovial membranes

– Entirely connective tissue, line joint cavities

skeletal muscle tissue

– Attached to bones

–striated/bands

– Voluntary(works from brain)

– Long, cylindrical, multiple nuclei

– Stimulated by nerve cells

skeletal muscle tissue image