Veterinary Pharmacology Review Flashcards

A comprehensive set of 406 vocabulary flashcards covering essential veterinary pharmacology concepts, drug classifications, mechanisms of action, common indications, and side effects to aid in exam preparation.

Anticholinergics

Major side effects include tachycardia, pupillary dilation, dry mouth, and constipation.

Prednisone

A glucocorticoid used for various therapeutic purposes.

Proton Pump Inhibitors

Drugs that bind to receptors on the proton pump of parietal cells, blocking the release of hydrogen ions and preventing HCl secretion.

Diazepam (Valium)

An anticonvulsant, anti-anxiety, muscle relaxant medication, with indications for use in cats.

Cyproheptadine

An appetite stimulant that acts as a serotonin antagonist antihistamine.

Metronidazole (Flagyl)

An antidiarrheal that kills anaerobic bacteria associated with diarrhea.

Sucralfate

A mucosal protectant that forms a paste-like substance to cover and protect ulcers.

Histamine H2 receptor antagonists

Common drugs include cimetidine (Tagamet), ranitidine (Zantac), and famotidine (Pepcid).

Antacids

A class of antiulcer drugs that neutralize HCl in the stomach.

Apomorphine

The emetic of choice in dogs.

Maropitant (Cerenia)

The most common antiemetic used in veterinary medicine.

Hydrogen Peroxide

An emetic that works peripherally.

Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)

An antihistamine used for vomiting associated with motion sickness.

Acepromazine

A phenothiazine derivative antiemetic with major side effects including hypotension and sedation.

Surfactants/Stool Softeners

Laxatives that are contraindicated in cats, such as docusate sodium (Colace).

Psyllium (Metamucil)

A bulk-forming laxative.

Protectant/Adsorbent antidiarrheals

Work by coating inflamed mucosa and binding substances like bacteria and toxins.

Hyperosmotic agents

Laxatives that work by pulling water into the colon.

Pepto Bismol

An antidiarrheal that is avoided in cats due to its subsalicylate content.

Atropine and Glycopyrrolate

Two anticholinergics used in veterinary medicine.

Stimulant/Irritant laxatives

Increase GI peristalsis.

Loperamide (Imodium)

An opiate/narcotic analgesic used as an antidiarrheal.

Laxative classification

Docusate sodium is classified as a surfactant/stool softener.

Mineral Oil and Petroleum Jelly

Emollient/lubricant laxatives.

Metoclopramide (Reglan)

An antiemetic contraindicated with GI obstruction.

H1 blocker antihistamines

Antiemetics that inhibit vomiting through H1 blockade at the vestibular apparatus.

Xylazine (Rompun)

Used as an emetic of choice for cats.

Bulk forming laxatives

Contain cellulose fiber that absorbs water and increases peristalsis.

Antacids

Magnesium hydroxide and aluminum hydroxide are examples.

Maropitant (Cerenia)

An antiemetic that is a NK-1 receptor antagonist.

Histamine H2 receptor antagonists

Block histamine receptors on parietal cells, reducing HCl production.

Omeprazole

A proton pump inhibitor used as an antiulcer drug.

Loperamide (Imodium)

An antidiarrheal avoided in cats and horses.

Prokinetic agents

Drugs that increase GI motility.

Diazepam (Valium)

A benzodiazepine used as an appetite stimulant.

Viokase

Used to treat pancreatic exocrine insufficiency.

Activated Charcoal

Used orally for ingestion of toxins.

Lactulose and polyethylene glycol

Classes of hyperosmotic agent laxatives.

Diphenhydramine, Meclizine, Dimenhydrinate

Common H1 antiemetic blockers.

Metoclopramide and Cisapride

Antiemetics that work both centrally and peripherally.

Apomorphine

An emetic given both parenterally or via the conjunctival sac.

Xylazine

The emetic of choice for cats.

Magnesium hydroxide and Aluminum hydroxide

Two antacids used to treat ulcers.

Sucralfate (Sulcrate, Carafate)

A mucosal protectant requiring an acidic environment for administration.

Antifoaming drugs

Administered to cattle via orogastric intubation.

Metoclopramide (Reglan) and Cisapride

Prokinetic agents.

Mirtazapine

A tetracyclic antidepressant appetite stimulant.

Bismuth Subsalicylate, Kaolin and Pectin, Activated Charcoal

Three protectant/absorbent antidiarrheals.

Opiate antidiarrheals

Work by decreasing peristalsis and increasing segmentation.

Psyllium

A bulk-forming agent laxative.

Emollient/lubricant laxatives

Work by lubricating and softening feces for easier evacuation.

Acepromazine, Chlorpromazine, Prochlorperazine

Common phenothiazine derivative antiemetics.

Prednisone

The glucocorticoid used as an appetite stimulant.

Mirtazapine (Remeron)

A tetracyclic antidepressant used for appetite stimulation.

Viokase

Used for pancreatic exocrine insufficiency.

Protectants/Adsorbents

Bismuth subsalicylate, kaolin and pectin, activated charcoal.

Loperamide (Imodium)

A stimulant/irritant laxative.

Benadryl

An antihistamine with uses in allergic reactions.

Docusate Sodium

A surfactant/stool softener laxative.

Sucralfate

A mucosal protectant.

Iron Compound Drugs

Used to treat baby pig anemia.

Vitamin K1

Used to treat warfarin or dicumarol poisoning.

Aspirin

An antiplatelet drug that inhibits platelet stickiness.

Heparin

An anticoagulant used to prevent clotting in IV catheters.

Injectable Lidocaine

Used to treat ventricular arrhythmias.

Diltiazem

Used for CHF, hypertension, and as an antiarrhythmic.

Furosemide

Major side effect includes hypokalemia and dehydration.

Mannitol

An osmotic diuretic used to treat fluid build-up.

Nitroglycerine

A cardiovascular drug requiring gloves for safety.

ACE Inhibitors

Common examples include Benazepril, Enalapril, and Captopril.

Glycosides/Digitalis Drugs

Examples include Digoxin and Digitoxin with numerous side effects.

Epinephrine

Used to jump-start the heart.

Erythropoietin (Epogen)

Used to treat anemia associated with kidney failure.

Topical Hemostatic Drugs

Silver nitrate sticks, hemostat powder, ferrous sulfate powder.

EDTA

An anticoagulant used for lead poisoning in birds.

Heparin

Prevents conversion of prothrombin to thrombin.

Bradycardia

Major side effect of antiarrhythmics.

Furosemide

A loop diuretic.

Mannitol and Glycerin

Drugs that decrease intracranial and intraocular pressures.

Amlodipine

Primarily used to treat hypertension in cats.

ACE Inhibitors

Prevent conversion of Angiotensin I to II.

Pimobendan

Used for CHF and dilated cardiomyopathy.

Negative chronotropic drugs

Decrease heart rate.

Ferrous Sulfate

Used as a hemantic for iron supplement.

Vitamin K1 (Phytonadione)

Used to treat warfarin or dicumarol poisoning.

ACD

ACD is found in blood transfusion bags.

Potassium-Sparing Diuretic

Spironolactone (Aldactone).

Transdermal Ointment

Nitroglycerine applied to ear pinna.

Digoxin and Digitoxin

Cardiac glycoside drugs that require monitoring for toxicity.

Erythropoietin (Epogen)

Stimulates RBC production from hematopoietic stem cells.

EDTA

Found in lavender top blood tubes.

EDTA

Chelates calcium to prevent clot formation.

Osmotic Diuretics

Increase osmosis of water and electrolytes in the tubules.

Spironolactone

A potassium-sparing diuretic with a major side effect of hyperkalemia.

ACE Inhibitors

Major side effect includes hypotension.

Positive Inotropic Drugs

Increase the force of myocardial contraction.

Catecholamines

Include Epinephrine and Dopamine.

Aspirin

An anticoagulant and NSAID.

Anticoagulant

Also a NSAID, aspirin.

Heparin

Used to treat thromboembolic disorders.