Chapter 7: Anatomy-Musculoskeletal System

Musculoskeletal System

Skeleton, ligaments, tendons, connective tissue.

Ligaments

Connect bone to bone

Tendons

Connect muscles to bone

six components of the musculoskeletal system

skull, spinal column, thorax, pelvis, upper and lower extremities.

Bone classifications (4)

Long, short, flat, irregular

Skull

Rest at the top of spinal column, protects the brain.

Cranium

top, back, and sides of the skull

nasal bones

the bed of the nose

Maxillae

fused bones of the upper jaw

Zygomatic bones

Cheekbones

Mandible

Lower jaw

Spinal/Vertebral Column

principal support system of the body.

Vertebrae

Irregular bones, lie on top of each other bound by ligaments to create the spinal column

Cervical Spine

C1-C7 Neck

Thoracic Spine

T1-T12 Upper Back

Lumbar Spine

L1-L5 Lower Back

Sacral Spine

S1-S5 Back wall of the pelvis

Coccyx

Tailbone

Thorax

The chest, composed of the ribs, sternum (breastbone), and thoracic spine.

Manubrium

Superior portion of the sternum connected to the clavicle (collarbone)

Xiphoid Process

Inferior portion of the sternum

Pelvis

Donut shaped structure including sacrum and coccyx.

Iliac Crest

Located on each side of the pelvis, the “wings”

Pubis

located in the anterior and inferior portion of the pelvis

Ischium

Posterior and inferior position of the pelvis

Acetabulum

Pelvic socket which fits onto the head of the femur.

Patella

Kneecap

Tibia

Shin

Fibula

Located on the lateral side of the leg attached to the top of the tibia

Medial Malleolus

Smaller distal end of the tibia

Lateral Malleolus

Knobby surface of the ankle joint

Calcaneus

Heel bone

Metatarsals

5, make up the substance of the foot

Phlanges

14, form the toes

Scapula

Shoulder blade

Acromion

tip of the shoulder girdle

Humerus

Proximal portion of the arm, largest bone in the upper extremity

Radius

Lateral bone of the forearm (thumb side)

Ulna

Medial bone of the forearm (pinky side)

Olecranon

Part of the ulna that forms the bony prominence of the elbow.

Carpals

8, wrist bones

Metacarpals

structural strength of the hand

Flexion

Bending toward the body

Extension

Bending away from the body

Abduction

Movement away from the midline

Adduction

Movement towards the midline

Circumduction

360º movement

Pronation

Turning the forearm so the palm of the hand is toward the back

Supination

Turning the forearm so the palm of the hand is turned toward the front

Ball-and-socket joint

Widest range of motion

Hinged Joint

Permits flexion and extension, like knee joints

Pivot Joint

Permits turning motion, like wrists

Gliding Joint

Simplest movement between bones, surrounding structures restrict motion

Saddle Joint

Permits slight movements, like ankle to foot

Condyloid Joint

Modified ball-and-socket joint that allows some motion, but not full rotation, like wrist to hand.