biology 4.5.3.1 the human endocrine system+ specific hormones

What is the function of the endocrine system?

To co ordinate and control body functions using hormones

What are hormones?

Chemical messengers that are secreted directly into the bloodstream

How are hormones transported around the body?

blood stream

What is a target organ?

An organ that has receptors for a specific hormone

Where do hormones produce their effect?

At a target organ

How does hormonal communication differ from nervous communication?

Hormonal communication is slower but has longer lasting effects

How long do nervous system effects last?

Don't last very long

Why do hormones have longer-lasting effects than electrical impulses?

They remain in the bloodstream for longer

Are hormonal or nervous responses slower?

Hormonal as it's transported through the blood

What is a gland?

An organ that secretes hormones

How do endocrine glands release hormones?

Directly into the bloodstream

Where is the pituitary gland located?

Attached to the brain

Why is the pituitary gland called a 'master gland'?

It secretes hormones that control other endocrine glands

What causes the pituitary gland to release hormones?

Changes in body conditions

What is the effect of pituitary hormones on other glands?

Tell other glands to release their own hormones

Where are the adrenal glands found?

on top of the kidneys

Where is the pancreas found?

In the abdomen

Where is the pituitary gland found?

attached to the brain

Where is the thyroid gland found?

In the neck

Where are the ovaries found?

pelvis

Where are the tested found?

scrotum

What hormone does the thyroid gland secrete?

thyroxine

What is the function of thyroxine?

regulates the body's metabolic rate

What does metabolic rate mean?

The rate at which chemical reactions occur in the body

What hormone controls the release of thyroxine?

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

Where is TSH produced?

pituitary gland

What happens when the pituitary gland detects low levels of thyroxine?

Releases Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

What is the function of TSH

Stimulates thyroid to produce more thyroxine

What is negative feedback?

When the level of something go too high or too low it triggers a response to restore normal levels

What happens if thyroxine levels are too low?

More tsh is released

What happens if thyroxine levels are too high?

Less tsh is released

Why is negative feedback important?

It helps maintain a stable internal environment

What hormone is secreted by the adrenal glands?

adrenaline

When is adrenaline released?

during fight or flight response

Why is adrenaline useful in dangerous situations?

It prepares body to fight or run

Adrenaline gets us ready to fight or run how?

Increases heart rate

What hormones is produced in pancreas?

insulin

Function of insulin?

regulates blood glucose levels

What hormone is produced by the testes?

testosterone

Male hormone that stimulates puberty?

Testosterone

Give one effect of testosterone

Producing male gametes(sperm)

What hormones do the ovaries produce?

Oestrogen

Female hormone that stimulates puberty?

Oestrogen

An Effects of oestrogen?

Regulation of menstrual cycle

Ovaries hold?

Female gametes(egg cells)