DNA Structure and Replication

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23 Terms

1

DNA

An organic compound containing the genetic information that makes up the chromosomes.

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2

DNA stands for....

deoxyribonucleic acid

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3

DNA found in....

nucleus

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4

nucleotide

monomer of nucleic acids

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5

parts of a nucleotide

5 carbon sugar, phosphate group, nitrogenous base

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6

deoxyribose

A five-carbon sugar that is a component of DNA nucleotides

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7

Watson and Crick

Developed the double helix model of DNA

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8

purines

Bases with a double-ring structure.

Adenine and Guanine

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9

pyrimidine

bases that has a single-ring structure; thymine and cytosine

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10

semiconservative replication

Method of DNA replication in which parental strands separate, act as templates, and produce molecules of DNA with one parental DNA strand and one new DNA strand

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11

base pairs in DNA

A-T

G-C

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12

antiparallel

subunits of DNA run in opposite directions

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13

DNA helicase

An enzyme that unwinds and separate the DNA double helix during DNA replication

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14

DNA polymerase

Enzyme involved in DNA replication that joins individual nucleotides to produce a DNA molecule

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15

Okazaki fragments

Small fragments of DNA produced on the lagging strand during DNA replication

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16

leading strand

The new continuous complementary DNA strand synthesized along the template strand in the mandatory 5' to 3' direction.

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17

lagging strand

The strand that is synthesized in fragments using individual sections called Okazaki fragments

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18

DNA ligase

enzyme that chemically links DNA fragments together

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19

topoisomerase

corrects "overwinding" ahead of replication forks by breaking, swiveling, and rejoining DNA strands

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20

DNA primase

synthesis of RNA primer

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21

RNA primer

short piece of RNA needed for DNA polymerase to start; acts as a marker for where to begin replicating DNA

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22

single stranded binding proteins

keep the strands of DNA separate during replication

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23

ATA CGG AGT

TAT GCC TCA

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