Pharmacology

What are three drug categories?

• OTC

• Prescription

• Controlled

What are controlled substances?

Drugs with abuse potential regulated by DEA

What is Schedule I vs II?

• I = no medical use (marijuana)

• II = high abuse + medical use (Vicodin, Percocet)

What are Schedule III, IV, V?

• III = moderate abuse potential (Tylenol w/codeine)

• IV = low abuse potential (Xanax, Valium)

• V = lowest restriction

What are the 4 parts of a prescription?

• Superscription (patient info + date + Rx)

• Inscription (drug name + quantity)

• Subscription (mixing instructions)

• Signature (patient directions)

What are the key rules for narcotic prescription?

• Written Rx

• Triplicate form

• No refills

Can assistants call in prescriptions?

No

BID

twice daily

TID

Three times daily

QID

Four times daily

QD

Once daily

PRN

As needed

Q

Every

H

Hour

DISP

Dispense

What do analgesics do?

Reduce inflammation + block pain

Examples of OTC pain meds

• Aspirin

• Tylenol

• NSAIDS (Ibuprofen)

Which drugs increase bleeding?

Aspirin & NSAIDs

Risk of acetaminophen overdose?

Liver damage

What are opioids used for?

Moderate-severe pain

Key opioid effects?

• Drowsiness

• Euphoria

• Constipation

• Respiratory depression

Cause of death in opioid overdose?

Respiratory depression

Antidote for opioid overdose?

Narcan

Bactericidal vs bacteriostatic?

• Bactericidal → kills

• Bacteriostatic → inhibits

Antibiotics for dental infections?

• Periapical → Amoxicillin

• Periodontal → Tetracycline

Antibiotic for prophylaxis?

Amoxicillin

What if a patient is allergic to penicillin?

Cephalexin

What is antibiotic prophylaxis?

Antibiotics before treatment to prevent infection

Antifungal and antiviral examples?

• Antifungal → Nystatin

• Antiviral → Acyclovir

Where are drugs metabolized and excreted?

Metabolized by liver and excreted by kidneys

What does the inferior alveolar nerve innervate?

All lower teeth

What does the lingual nerve & mental nerve innervate?

• Lingual → tongue + lingual mucosa

• Mental → lower lip

What is epinephrine?

Vasoconstrictor

• Avoid in heart conditions

Why don’t local anesthetics work well in infection?

Reduced effectiveness in infected tissue