Periodic Table and Atomic Structure: Elements, Ions, and States

Hydrogen

H

Helium

He

Lithium

Li

Beryllium

Be

Boron

B

Carbon

C

Nitrogen

N

Oxygen

O

Fluorine

F

Neon

Ne

Sodium

Na (Natrium)

Magnesium

Mg

Aluminum

Al

Silicon

Si

Phosphorus

P

Sulfur

S

Chlorine

Cl

Argon

Ar

Potassium

K (Kalium)

Calcium

Ca

Scandium

Sc

Titanium

Ti

Vanadium

V

Chromium

Cr

Manganese

Mn

Iron

Fe (Ferrum)

Cobalt

Co

Nickel

Ni

Copper

Cu (Cuprum)

Zinc

Zn

Gallium

Ga

Germanium

Ge

Arsenic

As

Selenium

Se

Bromine

Br

Krypton

Kr

Palladium

Pd

Iodine

I

Uranium

U

Lead

Pb (Plumbum)

Mercury

Hg (Hydrargyrum)

Silver

Ag (Argentum)

Tin

Sn (Stannum)

Antimony

Sb (Stibium)

Tungsten

W (Wolfram)

Gold

Au (Aurum)

kilo (k)

10^3

hecto (h)

10^2

deca (da)

10^1

deci (d)

10^-1

centi (c)

10^-2

milli (m)

10^-3

micro (µ)

10^-6

nano (n)

10^-9

pico (p)

10^-12

femto (f)

10^-15

1 km

1000 m

1 m

100 cm

1 mL

1 cm^3

1 g

1000 mg

1 µm

10^-6 m

1 nm

10^-9 m

1 pm

10^-12 m

1 gal

3.8 L

Alkali Metals

Group 1, very reactive, +1 charge

Alkaline Earth Metals

Group 2, reactive, +2 charge

Transition Metals

Groups 3-12, variable charges

Halogens

Group 17, very reactive nonmetals, -1 charge

Noble Gases

Group 18, inert/unreactive

Lanthanides

Top f-block row, rare earth metals

Actinides

Bottom f-block row, radioactive

Metalloids

Elements with metal + nonmetal properties

Proton

+1 charge, 1 amu, defines element

Neutron

0 charge, 1 amu, changes isotope

Electron

-1 charge, ~0 amu, defines charge

Atomic Number (Z)

Number of protons

Mass Number

Protons + neutrons

Isotope

Same element, different neutrons

Cation

Positive ion (lost electrons)

Anion

Negative ion (gained electrons)

Solid

Definite shape and volume

Liquid

Definite volume, no shape

Gas

No definite shape or volume

Plasma

Ionized gas

Element

Pure substance, one atom type

Compound

Two or more elements chemically bonded

Mixture

Physical combination, variable composition