4.2.3 Organic synthesis
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14 Terms
How to connect Quickfit apparatus
Grease joints with petroleum jelly before connecting
Why water flows in condenser
Keeps condenser cool for condensation
Separate immiscible liquids
Use separating funnel, shake, vent, allow layers, drain
Two drying agents
Magnesium sulfate, calcium chloride
How to use drying agents
Add until free flowing then filter to obtain dry product
What is redistillation
Purifying a liquid by repeated distillation
Test for unsaturated hydrocarbons
Add bromine water, turns colourless if positive
Test for haloalkanes
Use silver nitrate in ethanol, observe precipitate colour
Haloalkane results
Chloro white, bromo cream, iodo yellow precipitate
Three tests for carbonyls
Acidified dichromate, Fehling solution, Tollens reagent
Dichromate results
Aldehyde orange to green, ketone no change
Fehling results
Aldehyde red precipitate, ketone no change
Tollens results
Aldehyde silver mirror, ketone no change
Test for carboxylic acids
Indicator low pH, metal gives hydrogen, carbonate gives CO2
