Biology 325 – Human Anatomy Cartilage and Bone Lecture 5

Flashcards from lecture notes on cartilage and bone.

What are the two types of cells found in cartilage?

Chondroblasts and chondrocytes

What are the three major types of cartilage?

Hyaline, Fibrocartilage, and Elastic

What are the functions of cartilage?

Support soft tissues, Articulations, Precursor for bone growth

What four things do bones provide?

Support, movement, hematopoiesis, and storage

List the classifications of bones.

Long, short, flat, and irregular bones

What are the three main parts of a long bone?

Diaphysis, Epiphyses, and Metaphyses

What reduces friction between articulating bones?

Articular cartilage

Which bone covering covers the external surfaces of bones?

Periosteum

Which bone covering covers most internal surfaces of bones?

Endosteum

What are the four types of bone cells?

Osteoprogenitors, Osteoblasts, Osteocytes, and Osteoclasts

What are the two components of bone matrix?

Organic and inorganic components

What are the two types of bone tissue?

Compact and Spongy bone

What is the basic structural and functional unit of mature compact bone?

Osteon

What are the two patterns of ossification?

Intramembranous and Endochondral

What type of ossification develops from mesenchyme and produces flat bones of the skull?

Intramembranous ossification

What type of ossification begins with a hyaline cartilage model and produces the majority of bones in the body?

Endochondral ossification

What is the site of bone lengthening (growth)?

Epiphyseal Plate

What are the two types of bone growth?

Interstitial and Appositional

Where does appositional growth occur?

Periosteum

How do hormones and vitamins affect bone?

Calcitonin inhibits osteoclasts, Sex hormones promote growth, Vitamin D promotes absorption of Ca++, and Vitamin A activates osteoblasts

What happens to bone during aging?

Loses ability to produce organic matrix and loses Ca++