Clin Path - Exam 1 w/ Assignments

Which piece of laboratory equipment would you use to measure Urine Specific Gravity (USG) or Plasma Protein (PP)?

Refractometer

What would you be discarding into the container in the image shown?

Needles, used glass slides, used glass red top tubes

What is the object in the image shown?

Sharps container/Biohazard sharps

Would you put biohazardous waste into a sharps container?

No, you would put it into a biohazard bag. Only sharps/glass items that can puncture a bag belong in the sharps container.

What is the appropriate temperature setting for the incubator when culture media and other agents are placed inside for evaluation?

37º C

What is the most important safety rules when operating a centrifuge?

Balance the centrifuge with tubes of equal size and volume

When using oil immersion, which microscope lens can you safely apply oil to?

100X (oil immersion)

When shipping samples, what are the qualifications and examples of Category A?

• An infectious substance in a form capable of causing permanent disability or life-threatening or fatal disease in otherwise healthy humans or animals when exposure to it occurs.

• Foreign Animal Diseases (FADs), Zoonotic diseases, Reportable diseases, Culture media of LIVE bacterial/viral organisms, & Live animals

When shipping samples, what are the qualifications and examples of Category B?

• An infectious substance that is NOT in a form generally capable of causing permanent disability or life-threatening or fatal disease in otherwise healthy humans or animals when exposure to it occurs. This includes Category B infectious substances transported for diagnostic or investigational purposes.

• Any human or animal material, including excreta, secreta, blood and its components, tissue and tissue swabs, body parts, and specimens in transport media being transported for diagnostic or investigational purposes, but excluding live infected animals.

When shipping a liver tissue biopsy from a cat what category would it be classified as?

Category B

If you cannot test a urine sample immediately after collection, what should you do to preserve the sample quality until you can test it?

Measure the USG, centrifuge the sample, and store in the refrigerator for no more than 12 hours before testing.

When should you prepare and stain slides for cytology testing for the best results?

Immediately after collection of the sample

If you need to collect a sample for microbiological testing but cannot test it right away, how should you collect the sample?

Use a Culturette

Before testing a refrigerated urine sample, what should you do first?

Allow the sample to warm to room temperature, then gently remix the sample.

What method of urine sample collection is most appropriate for performing a urine culture?

Cystocentesis

Mrs. Jones is scheduled to bring her bulldog, Bruno, in for a routine wellness exam on Monday.  She collected a voided urine sample from Bruno first thing on Monday morning at 7:00 AM and placed it in the refrigerator until she could deliver it to the clinic.  She brings the sample to the clinic at 2:00 PM on that same Monday.  Can you use this sample for UA?

Yes, it was refrigerated after collection and isn’t older than 12 hours.

What time of the day is best for collecting a urine sample for UA?

First thing in the morning before eating and drinking

You aspirated a fluid from the abdominal cavity of a cat and placed it into a purple top tube for cytology testing later that same day. What actions should you perform to properly store this sample until it can be evaluated?

Centrifuge, refrigerate, and label it

If you’re shipping a culture from a tracheal swab from a chicken with a foreign animal disease what Category would it be classified as?

Category A

What is a quality control assay?

A sample with a known value used for evaluating precision of the test or procedure.

Where would you put used microscope slides?

Sharps container

If you are shipping a package containing a liquid sample, where should you place the absorbent material when packaging for shipment?

Surrounding the primary receptacle

Which urine sample collection method will likely contain the highest amounts of contamination such as debris, bacteria, and cells?

Voided

When should you heat fix a slide?

Performing a gram stain & when ear wax is present from an ear swab sample

Under which condition would use of a cotton – tipped swab be appropriate for microbiological sample collection?

You immediately use the swab to inoculate the culture media for testing.

What is the correct unit of measurement for urine specific gravity?

There is no unit of measurement

When you are preparing to test a urine sample that has been refrigerated, which of the following should you do before testing?

Warm the sample to room temperature and mix well.

What is quality control?

Following SOPs and standardized language and record-keeping methods to ensure precision of a test

What is the piece of equipment in the image shown? (Measures USG & PP)

Refractometer

What is the item in the image shown?

A label for a Category B substance when being shipped

What type of slide preparation is shown in the image?

Wet mount

What is the purpose of the object shown in the image?

Disposal of sharps such as scalpel blades, glass tubes, and slides

What is acceptable to dispose of in the object shown in the image?

Contaminated gloves, paper, or plastic used in the lab

Urine samples that are collected in the morning have what characteristics?

Higher concentration & more acidic pH

Cytology is a test which provides us with what information about our sample?

Type, number, and character of cells and other cellular components that are present.

What is the symbol shown in the image used for?

Shipping a Category A sample

For the BEST results, when should you prepare and stain slides containing your sample for cytology testing?

Immediately after collection

What is the proper way to place your culture media into the incubator?

Bottom - side up in stacks of no more than 4 - 6

What is the piece of equipment shown in the image?

Incubator

When using the centrifuge, the sample separates into a liquid portion called the _______ and a solid portion called the ______.

Supernatant & Sediment

If you fail to place culture plates properly into the incubator, what could happen?

Condensation forms on the growth surface and disrupts growth

If you are viewing a sample using your refractometer, what should you do if the appearance is blurry when you look through the eyepiece?

Clean the surface of the prism and the cover plate and try again.

What is the specific gravity of distilled water when looking through the refractometer?

1.000

If you are preparing a cytology slide using a sample collected on a swab, what technique should you use to make your slide?

Rolling

When is an appropriate time to perform testing using a quality control assay?

When a new piece of equipment is purchased; when new stains/reagents/chemicals are added/changed/refreshed; & when a piece of equipment is repaired

If you are performing a skin scrape at a site that is very dry and crusty, what should you do to make sure that sample transfers successfully onto the slide?

Add a drop of sterile saline or oil onto the slide before transfer

What method of urine sample collection allows you to obtain a sterile urine sample

Cystocentesis

Under which category are most veterinary diagnostic samples classified for shipping?

Category B

What is the proper method of removal of oil from the microscope to avoid accidental damage to other lenses?

Lower the stage first and then clean the oil from the lens using lens paper.

Where will you read your measurement when using the refractometer?

At the light-dark interface

What is the PP for the sample in the image shown?

9gms/100ml

For how long is a urine sample usable for testing if it is kept refrigerated after collection?

12 hours

Cellular components in a urine sample are best preserved when what conditions are present?

The urine sample has a low pH (acidic) and is concentrated.

If you are collecting a fluid sample for other types of testing such as virology, serology, or bacteriology, how should you collect and preserve the sample for testing?

Collect the sample into a red top tube and freeze it.

What is the minimum amount of urine sample that you must collect to perform a urinalysis (UA)?

5 mls

What is the maximum volume of a liquid sample that can be shipped inside a single package?

500 mls

What is considered optional when shipping a Category B Biological Substance?

List of contents attached to secondary packaging

A UN package certification mark is required when shipping what types of samples?

Category A

What is the primary difference between a Category A and a Category B substance?

If the infectious substance is in a form capable of causing permanent disability or life-threatening or fatal disease.

What is the name of the staining procedure we used in lab for staining ear, skin, and vaginal cytologies?

Diff Quick stain