Prisoners', Probation, Juvenile Rights Cases & Key Principles

Cooper v. Pate

Prisoners can sue prison officials for violating constitutional rights (under §1983).

Hudson v. Palmer

Prisoners do NOT have a reasonable expectation of privacy in their prison cells.

Wolff v. McDonnell

Prisoners are entitled to limited due process in disciplinary hearings.

Lee v. Washington

Racial segregation in prisons is unconstitutional.

Johnson v. California

Any racial classification in prison is subject to strict scrutiny.

Morrissey v. Brewer

Parole revocation requires due process.

Gagnon v. Scarpelli

Probation revocation also requires due process; lawyer not always required.

Kent v. United States

Juveniles have the right to a formal hearing before being transferred to adult court.

In re Gault

Juveniles have key due process rights: Notice of charges, Right to counsel, Right to confront witnesses, Protection against self-incrimination.

In re Winship

Juvenile delinquency must be proven beyond a reasonable doubt.

McKeiver v. Pennsylvania

Juveniles do NOT have a right to a jury trial.

Breed v. Jones

Juveniles cannot be tried in juvenile court and then adult court for the same offense (double jeopardy).

Schall v. Martin

Preventive detention of juveniles is constitutional.

Roper v. Simmons

Death penalty for crimes committed under 18 is unconstitutional.

Graham v. Florida

Juveniles cannot receive life without parole for non-homicide offenses.

Miller v. Alabama

Mandatory life without parole for juveniles is unconstitutional.