4.2 THE CYTOPLASM AND CELL ORGANELLES

cytoplasm

_____ is the watery inside the cell along with all its compartments and organelles

organelles

____ are membrane-enclosed bodies within the cell, each performs a unique function

cytosol

_____ is the jellylike substance within the cell that provides the fluid medium necessary for biochemical reactions and functions of the cell

nucleus

____ contains the cell’s DNA inside of a membrane

ER, golgi apparatus, and vesicles

these 3 are the members of the endomembrane system

phospholipids

____ is the main component of biological membranes

rough ER

ER that is studded with ribosomes

smooth ER

____ lacks ribosome and its main function is to lipid synthesis and also functions as storage closet in some cells

metabolizing some carbohydrates and breaking down certain toxins

another function of smooth ER is ______

liver cells

an example organ cell which contain lots of smooth ER is ____

translation

in rough ER, the main function is the synthesizing of protein, which is called ____

golgi apparatus

___ functions is for sorting, modifying, and shipping off the products that come from the rough ER

golgi apparatus

____ is an organelle that looks like a stacked flattened discs, almost like a stack of thin pancakes

detoxification

another important function of the cell is ____

hepatocytes

cells called ____ in the liver detoxify many of these toxins

phagocytic

_____ immune cells have many more lysosomes than other cells

suicide bag

lysosome aka ____

autolysis

the self-destruct mechanism of the lysosome is called ___

apoptosis

autolysis is one form of ____ which is the purposeful cellular death

peroxisome

_____ is a membrane-bound organelle that contains mostly enzymes

smooth ER

the peroxisome function most similarly to ____ because they perform both lipid metabolism and chemical detoxification

hydrogen peroxide

enzymes in peroxisome serve to transfer hydrogen atoms from various molecules to oxygen, producing ____

neutralizes, alcohol

in producing hydrogen peroxide, peroxisome ____ poisons such as ___

liver, liver cells

the ___ is the one responsible for detoxifying the blood before it travels in the body, and ____ contain and exceptionally high number of peroxisome

to break down

lys means

mitochondrion

____ is an organelle called as “energy transformer” consists of two lipid bilayers

cristae

the folds of the inner membrane are called ____

cytoskeleton

______ is made up of fibrous proteins that provide structural support for cells

microtubules

____ helps maintain the cell’s shape and structure, also provide tracks along which vesicles and genetic material can pulled within cells

intermediate filaments

_____ filament is a filament in thickness between the microtubules and microfilaments

microfilament

____ the thinner of cytoskeletal filaments compose primarily of the protein actin

microvilli

____ are tiny and numerous projections on the surface of cells that serve a function of expanding surface area

incapable

microvilli are associated with microfilaments but are _____ of movement, more on expanding the surface

flagellum

____ is an appendage larger than a cilium and specialized for cell locomotion