Dysphagia- Quiz 6 (Other Instrumentation Techniques for Swallowing Study)

imaging

________________ Studies:

A. Ultrasound

B. Scintigraphy

C. High-Resolution Manometry

oral tongue/hyoid, biofeedback

Ultrasound Purposes:

•Measures _________ _____________/______________ movements

•Provides ________________ of tongue/hyoid movement for treatment purposes

No

Can an ultrasound view the pharyngeal stage of swallow or visualize the biomechanics of the entire swallow?

definition, specificity

Ultrasound imaging for a swallowing study has poor __________________ in visualizing anatomic structures (and many are blocked by cartilage) and low ________________ when used as the only diagnostic test.

scintigraphy

____________________- a nuclear medicine test the measures the amount of aspiration residue and photographs the pharynx/lungs/esophagus later to determine reflux

scintigraphy, etiology

Limitations of __________________:

•Does not image anatomy/movement of structures during the swallow

•Biomechanics of swallow cannot be visualized

•________________ of aspiration cannot be defined

high-resolution manometry, pressure changes, pharyngeal

__________ _________________ _________________:

•Solid-state pressure 36 sensors (strain gauges), encased in a flexible 3mm tube , are used to detect the rapid _____________ _____________ during the _______________ swallow. The tube is place transnasally with sensors located at the tongue base, UES, esophagus, and stomach

intrabolus, pharynx, pharyngeal contraction, cricopharyngeal relaxation

Purposes of High-Resolution Manometry:

•Determines _____________ pressure

•The pressure generated in the _______________

•Timing of _______________ _________________

•Timing/extent of ____________________ _________________

residue in the pharynx

Indication of High-Resolution Manometry:

•Patients with...

oral

Limitations of High-Resolution Manometry:

•Cannot view the _________ stage of the swallow

•Cannot visualize biomechanics of entire swallow

•The tube is placed through the nose and the pharynx, likely causing gagging, sore throat, stuffy nose, nosebleed

non-imaging

__________________ Studies:

A. Electromyography (EMG)

electrical, muscles, biofeedback

Purpose of Electromyography (EMG):

•Records ______________ activity in selected _____________ during the swallow

•Provides ________________ regarding the degree of muscle effort during the swallow

weak swallow, need biofeedback during therapy to improve muscle effort for swallow

Indication of High-Resolution Manometry:

•Patients with...

•Patients who...

submandibular, laryngeal elevators, thyrohyoids, pharyngeal

Interpretation of Findings for High-Resolution Manometry:

•Normal timing- near simultaneous muscle contraction in __________________ muscles and _______________ _____________

•Delayed contraction of laryngeal elevators (_________________) indicates delayed ________________ swallow

normalcy, bolus

Limitations of High-Resolution Manometry:

•Cannot reach some muscles

•No method for measuring the _______________ of the strength of contraction

•Cannot visualize swallow physiology or ____________ movement

•Cannot always get a good signal