Introduction_to_Human_Factors_and_Ergonomics_----__Pg_70--74_

What is task analysis in the context of ergonomics?

Task analysis is an ordered sequence of tasks and subtasks, identifying the performer/user, actions, activities, the environment, starting state, goal state, and requirements to complete the task.

What are the key elements to be analyzed during a task analysis?

1. Performer/user, 2. Actions and activities, 3. Environment, 4. Starting state and goal state, 5. Requirements such as hardware, software, or information.

What is the main purpose of task analysis?

To provide a system-specific context for the application of ergonomics principles.

Who developed hierarchical task analysis in the 1970s?

Professor J. Annett.

What is a prototypical task?

A task identified by collecting detailed descriptions from expert users of what different people do.

What are some outcomes of task analysis?

1. Description of required behaviors, 2. Description of system states during the task, 3. Mapping of task behaviors onto system states.

How can task analysis help in human-centered design?

By providing a detailed understanding of the task, which can inform the design of human–machine interfaces and improve system reliability.

What does the ergonomic toolkit for risk assessment encompass?

It includes tools like questionnaires, rating scales, and risk assessment techniques that must be valid and reliable.

What defines the validity of a tool in risk assessment?

Its ability to measure what it is supposed to measure and reflect appropriate knowledge in the domain.

What is the importance of reliability in ergonomic assessment tools?

It ensures the tool gives consistent results when applied to the same problems under similar circumstances.

What are the stages involved in a hierarchical decomposition of a job?

From job title to specific operations, breaking down tasks into segments, tasks, and operations.

What are the basic requirements for effective task analysis?

1. Clearly define task boundaries, 2. Start with a high-level overview, 3. Avoid excessive detail in early stages.

What role does feedback play in task analysis?

Regular feedback helps improve team performance and ensures that operators understand their tasks.

How does a checklist aid in identifying ergonomic issues?

It provides a solid platform for evaluating specific issues by ensuring that other potential problems have been considered.

What does the example of making a cheese sandwich illustrate?

It demonstrates a basic task analysis with clear boundaries and detailed operations involved in the task.

What relationship does task analysis have with risk assessment?

Task analysis informs risk assessment techniques by detailing the actions involved and their potential impacts.