Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balances

Flashcards covering key concepts related to fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balances for exam preparation.

What are the main components of fluid balance?

Fluid intake, distribution, and output.

What is osmosis?

The passive movement of water from an area of lesser concentration to one of greater concentration to equalize.

What does the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS) do?

Regulates fluid balance and promotes sodium and fluid retention.

What is the normal range for sodium levels?

135-145 mEq/L.

What conditions can lead to hypernatremia?

Dehydration, diseases affecting aldosterone, and hypertonic solutions.

Which hormone regulates potassium balance?

Aldosterone.

What is the normal range for potassium levels?

3.5-5 mEq/L.

What is the primary function of calcium in the body?

Supports muscle and nerve function, and aids in bone and teeth growth.

What are the normal levels of bicarbonate?

22-26 mEq/L.

Define acid-base balance in the body.

A mechanism that maintains a normal blood pH (7.35-7.45) through buffering systems.

What are the types of acid-base imbalances?

Respiratory acidosis, respiratory alkalosis, metabolic acidosis, and metabolic alkalosis.

What pH indicates acidosis?

A pH less than 7.35.

What is the purpose of arterial blood gas (ABG) analysis?

To evaluate acid-base balance and oxygenation.

What is isotonic fluid?

A fluid with the same osmolality as normal blood.

Which IV solution is hypertonic?

3% saline.

What is a common complication of intravenous therapy?

Infiltration or phlebitis.

What does a focused physical assessment help determine?

Fluid status and daily weights.

What should be included in the nursing diagnosis related to fluid imbalances?

Decreased cardiac output, acute confusion, and risk for electrolyte imbalance.

What is the role of ADH (Antidiuretic Hormone)?

Promotes water reabsorption in the kidneys.

What is the effect of hypokalemia on the body?

Can lead to muscle weakness and irregular heartbeat.

What condition can result from excessive vomiting?

Metabolic alkalosis.