Information Processing and Motor Skill Performance

These flashcards cover key concepts from the lecture on information processing and motor skill performance, memory systems, and measures of motor skills.

Stimulus identification is the and of input.

recognition and identification

The response selection stage determines what __ should be made.

response

The response programming stage is the organization of the __ system to produce the desired movement.

motor

Multiple resource theory states that a variety of resources exist to process information, but resources are __.

limited

Parallel processing refers to two or more streams of information __.

simultaneously

The double stimulation paradigm involves separate reactions to two different __ presented closely together in time.

stimuli

The psychological refractory period is a delay in reaction time to the __ stimulus.

second

Anticipation is the __ of what or when an event will occur.

prediction

__ anticipation refers to where something will happen.

Spatial

__ anticipation refers to when something will happen.

Temporal

Precues are __ cues that aid anticipation.

environmental

Memory is the capacity to __ and utilize information.

retain

Motor memory is the capacity to remember __ acquired through learning or experience.

motor skills

Declarative memory systems are associated with and .

facts; events

Procedural memory systems are connected with the __ of skills.

how to

The short term sensory store holds information until it is __, is brief in time, and occurs prior to conscious movement.

identified

Short term memory allows retrieval, rehearsal, processing, and __ of information to long term memory.

transfer

Information to long term memory is __ in time and limited in capacity.

brief

Long term memory holds information and experiences for __ duration and vast incapacity.

unlimited

The challenge point refers to the balance between __ practice conditions and practice performance.

challenging

Attention is the mental process of concentrating on specific __.

things

Selective attention is focused on something __ and specific.

purposeful

Quality of concentration on stimuli is known as the __ of attention.

focus

An internal focus is related to __ information.

internal

External focus refers to information from the __.

environment

Narrow focus pertains to __ amounts of information.

small

Broad focus encompasses __ amounts of information.

large

Stress leads to physiological and psychological changes due to __ conditions.

changing

Arousal corresponds to the activation level of emotional, mental, and __ systems.

physiological

Anxiety is the distress regarding future __.

uncertainties

The inverted U principle helps determine the appropriate level of __.

arousal

Perceptual narrowing occurs with an __ focus at high levels of arousal.

attentional

Muscle to mind skills utilize somatic activity to __ or energize the mind.

relax

Mind to muscle skills depend on __ activity to relax or energize muscles.

cognitive

Validity refers to accurately measuring what you __ to know.

want

Reliability indicates consistently obtaining the same __ from a test.

results

A reliable test may not be __.

valid

Reaction time is the interval between stimulus and initiation of __.

response

Hicks law states that as the number of stimulus-response pairs increases, the reaction time __.

increases

Constant error represents the __ error over a given number of trials.

average

Absolute error is the average of the absolute values of error over a given number of __.

trials

Variable error is the standard deviation of a group of __.

errors

Talent identification attempts to predict future performance based on __.

abilities

Abilities are stable, enduring traits that underlie skilled __.

performance

Skills are voluntary and purposeful actions requiring body movements to achieve a __.

goal

Domain selection identifies the general form of __ identification.

talent

Relationships among scores on tests can estimate scores on some __.

other test

Measuring abilities can be __.

difficult

Matching abilities with skills, talent can lead to different patterns of __.

abilities

Performance success is influenced by a __ of factors.

combination

Motor performance is the observable and measurable outcome of executing a __.

motor skill

Motor learning is a relatively permanent change in one's capability to perform a skill due to __ or experience.

practice

Implicit learning occurs when learning is greater than __.

performance

Negatively accelerating learning shows lots of improvement followed by a __ in speed.

slowdown

Positively accelerating learning begins with a plateau followed by __ improvement.

continuous

ART stands for Acquisition, __, and Transfer in assessing learning.

Retention

The floor effect indicates that if performers do poorly, the assessment may be too __.

difficult

The ceiling effect suggests that if performers do well, the assessment might be too __.

easy

The Stroop effect shows plateaus can be caused by learner-based, instructor-based, or __ based factors.

task

Previous learning influences the subsequent skills of __.

learning

Positive transfer indicates that old skills benefit the learning of a __ skill.

new

Negative transfer implies that old skills hinder the learning of a __ skill.

new

Near transfer involves learning from one task to another __ task or setting.

similar

Far transfer relates to learning from one task to another __ task or setting.

different

Bilateral learning of a motor skill in one limb can apply to the __ limb.

contralateral