Bio Quiz 6

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19 Terms

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Ammonia

A highly toxic nitrogenous waste requiring large amounts of water for excretion.

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Urea

Moderately toxic nitrogenous waste that requires less water to excrete compared to ammonia.

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Uric Acid

A relatively non-toxic form of nitrogenous waste that is excreted as a solid, minimizing water loss.

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Proximal Convoluted Tubule

The nephron segment where useful solutes are reabsorbed into the bloodstream and waste is secreted.

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Loop of Henle

Section of the nephron that creates a solute gradient in the kidney's interstitial fluid.

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Spermatogonia

The germ cells in the testes that divide to form primary spermatocytes.

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Primary Spermatocytes

Diploid cells that undergo meiosis I to form haploid secondary spermatocytes.

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Secondary Spermatocytes

Haploid cells resulting from meiosis I, which undergo meiosis II to form spermatids.

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Spermiogenesis

Transformation of spermatids into mature sperm cells with a head, midpiece, and tail.

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Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH)

Hormone produced by the hypothalamus that stimulates the anterior pituitary to release FSH and LH.

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Luteinizing Hormone (LH)

Produced by the anterior pituitary, it stimulates testosterone production in Leydig cells.

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Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH)

Hormone that works with testosterone to stimulate Sertoli cells, aiding in spermatogenesis.

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Inhibin

Hormone produced by Sertoli cells that negatively regulates FSH secretion.

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Estrogen

Hormone produced by ovarian follicles involved in regulating spermatogenesis in males.

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Corpus Luteum

Structure formed from the remnants of the follicle after ovulation, secreting progesterone.

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Progesterone

Hormone from the corpus luteum that maintains the endometrial lining for potential implantation.

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Menstrual Phase

First phase of the uterine cycle, marked by shedding of the endometrial lining.

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Proliferative Phase

Phase in the uterine cycle characterized by the rebuilding of the endometrial lining due to rising estrogen.

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Secretory Phase

Phase after ovulation, where progesterone from the corpus luteum prepares the endometrium for embryo implantation.