Bio Quiz 6

Ammonia

A highly toxic nitrogenous waste requiring large amounts of water for excretion.

Urea

Moderately toxic nitrogenous waste that requires less water to excrete compared to ammonia.

Uric Acid

A relatively non-toxic form of nitrogenous waste that is excreted as a solid, minimizing water loss.

Proximal Convoluted Tubule

The nephron segment where useful solutes are reabsorbed into the bloodstream and waste is secreted.

Loop of Henle

Section of the nephron that creates a solute gradient in the kidney's interstitial fluid.

Spermatogonia

The germ cells in the testes that divide to form primary spermatocytes.

Primary Spermatocytes

Diploid cells that undergo meiosis I to form haploid secondary spermatocytes.

Secondary Spermatocytes

Haploid cells resulting from meiosis I, which undergo meiosis II to form spermatids.

Spermiogenesis

Transformation of spermatids into mature sperm cells with a head, midpiece, and tail.

Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH)

Hormone produced by the hypothalamus that stimulates the anterior pituitary to release FSH and LH.

Luteinizing Hormone (LH)

Produced by the anterior pituitary, it stimulates testosterone production in Leydig cells.

Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH)

Hormone that works with testosterone to stimulate Sertoli cells, aiding in spermatogenesis.

Inhibin

Hormone produced by Sertoli cells that negatively regulates FSH secretion.

Estrogen

Hormone produced by ovarian follicles involved in regulating spermatogenesis in males.

Corpus Luteum

Structure formed from the remnants of the follicle after ovulation, secreting progesterone.

Progesterone

Hormone from the corpus luteum that maintains the endometrial lining for potential implantation.

Menstrual Phase

First phase of the uterine cycle, marked by shedding of the endometrial lining.

Proliferative Phase

Phase in the uterine cycle characterized by the rebuilding of the endometrial lining due to rising estrogen.

Secretory Phase

Phase after ovulation, where progesterone from the corpus luteum prepares the endometrium for embryo implantation.