________ is produced by protein deficiency unaccompanied by calorie deficiency.
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cartilaginous flap
A(n) ________ called epiglottis prevents the entry of food into the glottis- opening of the windpipe- during swallowing.
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Villi
________ are supplied with a network of capillaries and a large lymph vessel called the lacteal.
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Rennin
________ is a proteolytic enzyme found in the gastric juice of infants which helps in the digestion of milk proteins.
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gastro oesophageal sphincter
The ________ controls the passage of food into the stomach.
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PEM
________ affects infants and children to produce Marasmus and Kwashiorkar.
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mucosal epithelium
The ________ has goblet cells that secrete mucus that help in lubrication.
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oral cavity
The ________ leads into a short pharynx which serves as a common passage for food and air.
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Mucus
________ in saliva helps in lubricating and adhering the masticated food particles into a bolus.
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inadequate enzyme secretion
The causes of indigestion are ________, anxiety, food poisoning, over eating, and spicy food.
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‘ C
The pancreas is a compound (both exocrine and endocrine) elongated organ situated between the limbs of the ________ shaped duodenum.
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Lysozyme
________ present in saliva acts as an antibacterial agent that prevents infections.
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digestive wastes
The ________, solidified into coherent faeces in the rectum initiate a neural reflex causing an urge or desire for its removal.
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Marasmus
In ________, protein deficiency impairs growth and replacement of tissue proteins; extreme emaciation of the body and thinning of limbs results, the skin becomes dry, thin and wrinkled.
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muscular sphincter
A(n) ________ (gastro- oesophageal) regulates the opening of the esophagus into the stomach.
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buccal cavity
The ________ performs two major functions, mastication of food and facilitation of swallowing.
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adult human
A(n) ________ has 32 permanent teeth which are of four different types (Heterodont dentition), namely, incisors (I), canine (C), premolars (PM), and molars (M)
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gastric juice
The mucus and bicarbonates present in ________ play an important role in lubrication and protection of the mucosal epithelium from excoriation by highly concentrated hydrochloric acid.
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deposit of bile
The liver is affected, skin and eyes turn yellow due to the ________ pigments.
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Saliva
________ is mainly produced by three pairs of salivary glands, the parotids (cheek), the submaxillary /sub- mandibular (lower jaw), and the sub- linguals (below the tongue)
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long tube
The esophagus is a thin, ________ that extends posteriorly passing through the neck, thorax, and diaphragm, and leads to a ‘ J shaped bag- like structure called the stomach.
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HCl
________ provides the acidic pH (pH 1.8) optimal for pepsins.
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biliverdin
The bile released into the duodenum contains bile pigments (bilirubin and ________), bile salts, cholesterol, and phospholipids but no enzymes.
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numerous microscopic
The cells lining the villi produce ________ projections called microvilli giving a brush border appearance.
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replacement of mothers
It results from the ________ milk by a high calorielow protein diet in a child more than one year in age.
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Muscularis
________ is formed by smooth muscles usually arranged into an inner circular and an outer longitudinal layer.
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process of digestion
The ________ is accomplished by mechanical and chemical processes.
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The alimentary canal begins with an anterior opening
the mouth, and it opens out posteriorly through the anus
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The stomach, located in the upper left portion of the abdominal cavity, has four major parts
a cardiac portion into which the esophagus opens, a fundic region, a body (main central region), and a pyloric portion which opens into the first part of the small intestine
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The colon is divided into four parts
an ascending, a transverse, descending part, and a sigmoid colon
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About 30 percent of starch is hydrolyzed here by this enzyme (optimum pH 6.8) into a disaccharide
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Flashcard (22)