Digestion and Absorption

Kwashiorkar

________ is produced by protein deficiency unaccompanied by calorie deficiency.

cartilaginous flap

A(n) ________ called epiglottis prevents the entry of food into the glottis- opening of the windpipe- during swallowing.

Villi

________ are supplied with a network of capillaries and a large lymph vessel called the lacteal.

Rennin

________ is a proteolytic enzyme found in the gastric juice of infants which helps in the digestion of milk proteins.

gastro oesophageal sphincter

The ________ controls the passage of food into the stomach.

PEM

________ affects infants and children to produce Marasmus and Kwashiorkar.

mucosal epithelium

The ________ has goblet cells that secrete mucus that help in lubrication.

oral cavity

The ________ leads into a short pharynx which serves as a common passage for food and air.

Mucus

________ in saliva helps in lubricating and adhering the masticated food particles into a bolus.

inadequate enzyme secretion

The causes of indigestion are ________, anxiety, food poisoning, over eating, and spicy food.

‘ C

The pancreas is a compound (both exocrine and endocrine) elongated organ situated between the limbs of the ________ shaped duodenum.

Lysozyme

________ present in saliva acts as an antibacterial agent that prevents infections.

digestive wastes

The ________, solidified into coherent faeces in the rectum initiate a neural reflex causing an urge or desire for its removal.

Marasmus

In ________, protein deficiency impairs growth and replacement of tissue proteins; extreme emaciation of the body and thinning of limbs results, the skin becomes dry, thin and wrinkled.

muscular sphincter

A(n) ________ (gastro- oesophageal) regulates the opening of the esophagus into the stomach.

buccal cavity

The ________ performs two major functions, mastication of food and facilitation of swallowing.

adult human

A(n) ________ has 32 permanent teeth which are of four different types (Heterodont dentition), namely, incisors (I), canine (C), premolars (PM), and molars (M)

gastric juice

The mucus and bicarbonates present in ________ play an important role in lubrication and protection of the mucosal epithelium from excoriation by highly concentrated hydrochloric acid.

deposit of bile

The liver is affected, skin and eyes turn yellow due to the ________ pigments.

Saliva

________ is mainly produced by three pairs of salivary glands, the parotids (cheek), the submaxillary /sub- mandibular (lower jaw), and the sub- linguals (below the tongue)

long tube

The esophagus is a thin, ________ that extends posteriorly passing through the neck, thorax, and diaphragm, and leads to a ‘ J shaped bag- like structure called the stomach.

HCl

________ provides the acidic pH (pH 1.8) optimal for pepsins.

biliverdin

The bile released into the duodenum contains bile pigments (bilirubin and ________), bile salts, cholesterol, and phospholipids but no enzymes.

numerous microscopic

The cells lining the villi produce ________ projections called microvilli giving a brush border appearance.

replacement of mothers

It results from the ________ milk by a high calorielow protein diet in a child more than one year in age.

Muscularis

________ is formed by smooth muscles usually arranged into an inner circular and an outer longitudinal layer.

process of digestion

The ________ is accomplished by mechanical and chemical processes.

The alimentary canal begins with an anterior opening

the mouth, and it opens out posteriorly through the anus

The stomach, located in the upper left portion of the abdominal cavity, has four major parts

a cardiac portion into which the esophagus opens, a fundic region, a body (main central region), and a pyloric portion which opens into the first part of the small intestine

The colon is divided into four parts

an ascending, a transverse, descending part, and a sigmoid colon

About 30 percent of starch is hydrolyzed here by this enzyme (optimum pH 6.8) into a disaccharide

maltose