Sexual Reproduction & Meiosis

These flashcards cover key concepts of sexual reproduction and meiosis, focusing on differences between asexual and sexual reproduction, genetic diversity, processes of meiosis, and related genetic concepts.

What is a key difference between asexual and sexual reproduction?

Asexual reproduction produces genetically identical offspring, while sexual reproduction involves mixing DNA from two individuals to produce genetically distinct offspring.

What are the benefits of sexual reproduction?

Sexual reproduction generates genetic diversity, which provides a competitive advantage in changing environments.

Define diploid and haploid cells in the context of sexual reproduction.

Diploid cells have two copies of each chromosome (like human somatic cells), while haploid cells have one copy of each chromosome (like germ cells).

What does meiosis produce?

Meiosis produces haploid gametes from diploid cells.

How many rounds of nuclear division occur in meiosis?

Two rounds of nuclear division occur in meiosis.

What is recombination in meiosis?

Recombination is the process where homologous chromosomes pair up and exchange genetic material by crossing over.

What is nondisjunction and its consequence?

Nondisjunction is the failure of chromosomes to separate properly, which can lead to conditions like Down syndrome.

What is independent assortment in meiosis?

Independent assortment refers to the random distribution of maternal and paternal homologs into gametes during meiosis I.

What happens during anaphase I of meiosis?

Homologous chromosomes separate during anaphase I of meiosis.

What is the end result of meiosis II?

The end of meiosis II produces 4 haploid cells that are not genetically identical.