APUSH - Era 1 (1491-1607) Review

Vocabulary flashcards based on key concepts from Era 1 of APUSH, covering Native American societies, the Columbian Exchange, and Spanish colonization.

Columbian Exchange

The exchange of crops, animals, and diseases between the Americas and Europe, leading to significant social and economic changes.

Bering Land Bridge Theory

The theory that early humans migrated from Asia to North America via a land bridge during the last Ice Age.

Maize

A staple crop that spread from present-day Mexico to support economic development and social diversification in Native American societies.

Encomienda System

A system granting Spanish colonists the labor of Native Americans for agricultural and mining purposes, with a requirement to protect and Christianize them.

Caste System

A system of racial classification in colonial Spanish America that determined an individual's status, wealth, and opportunities based on their ethnicity.

Mississippian Culture

A significant Native American culture known for its mound-building and complex societies, such as Cahokia.

Norse Explorers

Vikings, including Leif Eriksson, who reached North America (Vinland) around 1000 CE.

Three Sisters Farming

An agricultural method involving the interplanting of maize, beans, and squash, which was sustainable and improved yields.

Spanish Empire

The empire established by Spain in the Americas, characterized by the conquest, colonization, and exploitation of Native populations.

Native Resistance

Efforts by Native American peoples to defend their sovereignty, culture, and lands against European encroachment and exploitation.

Labor, Slavery, and Caste in the Spanish Colonial System

The structure of social and labor systems that defined roles and status based on race and labor in Spanish colonies.

Iroquois and Algonquin

Native American tribes in the Northeast that developed mixed agricultural and hunting-gathering economies.

Age of Discovery

The period from the late 15th to early 17th centuries marked by European exploration and colonization of the Americas.

Spanish Exploration

The efforts by Spanish explorers to conquer and colonize the Americas in pursuit of wealth, land, and the spread of Christianity.

Cultural Conflict

The misunderstandings and interactions between Europeans and Native Americans that shaped early American history.