SLP 310 (ch 7-10)

print awareness

print carries meaning

metalinguistic capabilities

understanding how language works

phonological awareness

ability to recognize and manipulate sounds in spoken language

phonological knowledge

connecting sounds with their corresponding letters

orthographic knowledge

single sound having multiple print representations

morphological knowledge

understanding parts of words and how they change word meaning

kindergarten and first grade

• developing phonological knowledge

• constant blends (digraphs)

• phonetic spelling

second grade

• homophones

• inflections (past tense, plurals)

• variations of spellings

• prefixes and suffixes

third grade

• developing morphological knowledge

• correct use of affixes and inflectional endings

fourth grade

• independent reading

• attempting humor

fifth grade

• perfecting revision

• developing complex plots

• more advanced reading (biographies, nonfiction, etc.)

second language acquisition process

• silent period (absorption without verbal output)

• transfer (applying L1 knowledge to L2)

• interlanguage (evolving linguistic system)

•  fossilization (L2 errors becoming permanent)

• code switching (alternating between languages in conversation)

• language loss (decline in L2 due to more L2 use)

simultaneous acquisition

when two languages are acquires simultaneously from infancy

sequential acquisition

learning one language initially and then being exposed to a second language

basic interpersonal communication skills (BICS)

• context-embedded communication

• informal, natural, everyday conversation

cognitive academic language proficiency (CALP)

• formal, expository, academic settings

• specialized grammar, vocabulary, and discourse patters

developmental language disorder (DLD)

• delay in the onset of expressive language

• reduced vocabulary + difficulty learning new words

• protracted development across all language domains 

• errors in both languages (if bilingual)