MAPEH MUSIC

Impressionism

a movement among various composers in Western classical music

music focuses on mood and atmosphere, "convey the moods and emotions aroused by the subject rather than a detailed tone-picture".

the use of extensive colors and effect

most prominent feature in musical impression

CLAUDE DEBUSSY

primary exponent and focal point of the impressionist

FATHER OF MODERN SCHOOL OF COMPOSITION

1. Ariettes Oubliees

2. Prelude to the Afternoon of a Faun

3. String Quartet

4. Pelleas et Melisande (1895)

MUSICAL WORKS OF CLAUDE DEBUSSY

Pelleas et Melisande (1895)

CLAUDE DEBUSSY’S famous operatic work that drew mixed extreme reactions for its innovative harmonies and textural treatments.

La Mer (1905)

a highly imaginative and atmospheric symphonic work for orchestra about the sea

Maurice Ravel

He was born in St. Germain-en-Layein France on August 22, 1862.

• Pavane for a Dead Princess (1899), a slow but lyrical requiem

• Jeux d'Eau or Water Fountains (1901)

• String Quartet (1903)

• Sonatine for Piano (c.1904)

Maurice Ravel’s musical works

Miroirs (Mirrors), 1905,

a work for piano known for its harmonic evolution and imagination

Gaspard de la Nuit (1908)

• a set of demonic-inspired pieces based on the poems of Aloysius Bertrand which is arguably the most difficult piece in the piano repertoire.

Expressionism

revealed the composer's mind instead of presenting an impression of the environment. It used atonality and the twelve-tone scale, lacking stable and conventional harmonies. It served as a medium for expressing strong emotions, such as anxiety, rage, and alienation.

Arnold Schoenberg

credited with the development of the twelve-tone system.

born in a working-class suburb of Vienna, Austria

on September 13, 1874.

• Pierrot Lunaire,

• Verklarte Nacht, Three Pieces for Piano, op. 11

• Gurreleider

• Verklarte Nacht (Transfigured Night, 1899), one of his earliest successful pieces, blends the lyricism, instrumentation, and melodic beauty of Brahms with the chromaticism and construction of Wagner

MUSICAL WORKS OF ARNOLS SCHOENBERG

PRIMITIVISM

tonal through the stressing of one note as more important than the others. It combines two familiar or simple ideas together creating new sounds.

Bela Bartok

used Hungarian folk themes and rhythms.

A neo-classicist, primitivist, and nationalist composer.

• Six String Quartets (1908-1938)

• the Concerto for Orchestra (1943)

• Allegro Barbaro (1911)

• Mikrokosmos (1926-1939)

MUSICAL WORKS OF BELA BARTOK

NEO-CLASSICISM

partial return to a classical form of writing music with carefully moderated dissonances. It made use of a free seven-note diatonic scale.

IGOR STRAVINSKY

adapted the forms of the 18th century with his contemporary style in writing.

one of the great trendsetters of the 20th century.

• he Firebird Suite (1910)

• The Rite of Spring (1913) - A new level of dissonance was reached and the sense of tonality was practically abandoned.

• Petrouchka (1911), featuring shifting rhythms and polytonality, a signature device of the composer.

• The Rake's Progress (1951),

MUSICAL WORKS OF IGOR STRAVINSKY

Daphnis et Chloe (1912

), a ballet commissioned by master choreographer Sergei Diaghilev that contained rhythmic diversity, evocation of nature, and choral ensemble

La Valse (1920)

, a waltz with a frightening undertone that had been composed for ballet and arranged as well as for solo and duo piano.